The study of political critical critism by common pepulein the latter Tokugawa period(1963-86).

根据今年的预定计划，我们的研究集中在源氏/龟鸥时期(1864-1867)。研究结果概括为六点：1.源氏元年(1864年)乐州/乐府数量最多。这些对德川家族和皇帝的批评比以前更加坦率。2：这些地区分为关东和关西两区。关东的乐天/乐天有一种倾向于巴库夫的倾向。关西的有一种倾向，那就是给萨玛·韩和周书汉。尤其是大阪龟鸥时期(1865-1867)的许多人都反对幕府。3：浮世绘也有这种倾向。4：这种倾向在博新年间表现得尤为明显。5：一本名为《Ikada no yume(梦之舟)》(1866)的Shabun对当时的政府和社会进行了非常准确的分析。6：《御藤氏口》在这一时期留下了广泛流传的痕迹。托布-肖林-约罗祖亚-孝郎被认为是它的作者。但这并不确定。在乐州/乐硕和浮世绘漫画中，有许多重要的史料。并不是所有的都在出版的书籍上。这些都是尚未探索的领域，应该进行更深入的研究。

According to prearranged plans of this year, our research is concentrated in Genji/Keiou period (1864-1867). The result is summarized to six points.1 : Amount of Rakushu/Rakushos is maximum in the first year of Genji period(1864). These are more frank criticism on the Tokugawa family and the emperor than before.2 : These are divided to Kanto and Kansai districts. Kanto's Rakushu/Rakushos have a tendancy to be for Bakufu. Kansai's ones have a tendancy to be for Satsuma-han and Choushu-han. Especially many of those in Keiou period(1865-1867) in Osaka are against Bakufu.3 : Ukiyoe-caricatures have also such a tendancy.4 : This tendancy is remarkable on Boshin year(1868).5 : A Shabun named "Ikada no yume(dream of raft)" (1866) analyzed government and society of those days very accurately.6 : "Yuten-shikou(Personal opinion about the world with worriment)" left widely spread traces in this period. Tobu-shorin-Yorozuya-Hyoshirou is regarded as its writer. but it is not sure.Among the Rakushu/Rakushos and Ukiyoe-caricatures, there are many important historical materials. Not all of them are on published books.These are unexplored field and should be researched more deeply.