Constitutional Review in West Europe in Comparative Law

欧洲各国在独裁政权垮台后决定实行宪法审查时，大多采取了集中式或混合式制度。很少有欧洲国家有分散的司法审查制度。本研究的目的是分析宪法法院法官的选举方式、法官的地位、宪法法院的独立性、作为法院或/和作为宪法机关、组织、主要权限、次要权限、诉讼程序、会议、决定方式、反对意见、判决的效果和执行以及法院在政治过程中的作用。本研究明确了西欧各国宪法审查制度的同化与差异。通过这一研究，我们可以得出这样的结论：日本应该采取集中式的制度，而不是二战后我们从美国引进的分散式制度。

In Europe most countries adopted concentrated systems or mixed systems when they decided to introduce constitutional review after the collapse of dictatorship. Few European countries have diffuse systems of the judicial review.The aim of this research is to analyze ways of the election of the judges of the constitutional courts, and status of the judges, independency of the constitutional courts, character as a court or/and character as a constitutional organ, organisation, major competences, minor competences, proceedings, conference, ways of the decision, dissenting opinion, effects and executions of the judgment and role of the courts in the political process. This reserch makes clear the assimilations and the differences of all the constitutional review systems in West Europe.As a result of this study we can conclude that Japan should have better adopted a concentrated system than the diffuse system that we introduced from USA after the World War II.