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Cytochemical and developemental studies on the color pattern formation

颜色图案形成的细胞化学和发育研究

基本信息

批准号：
04640671
负责人：
OBIKA Masataka
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Color pattern of vertebrates is determined by specific expression of pigment cells in specific regions. Factors that control pigment cell differentiation and morphogenesis were examined using the cells of Oryzias latipes and Xenopus laevis. N-CAM and N-cadherin were found on cellular surface of differentiated xanthophores of both species and in leucophores of Oryzias while melanophores and iridophores did not express these molecules. Key molecules that guarantee attachment between the different types of cells to form tha chromatophore unit in vivo may be different from these CAMs and remain to be identified. The effort to improve antigen preservation and resolution in immunoelectromicroscopy is now being made. Differentiation of neural crest cells of Xenopus in culture can be controlled in some extent ; it is now able to induce or suppress melanophore differentiation but we still do not know the efficient way to induce the other types of pigment cells. N-cadherin (135 kd and 112 kd) is expressed in neural tube of Xenopus embryos (st.22) and in the chromatoblast (melanoblast) of later stage but gradually diminishes with the progress of melanophore differentiation. Regarding intrinsic factors, microtubules and vimentin are important to maitain cell morphology in Oryzias while in Xenopus and Rana melanophores, involvement of actin and myosin system is clearly shown. Further study onthe shift in cytoskeletal architecture during the development, i.e.migratory to sedentary state, and in the course of chromatophore unit formation during metamorphosis in amphibians should be carried out. In iridophores, the form of purine platelets is directly related whether the cell takes bipolar or flat, asymmetric form.

脊椎动物的颜色模式是由特定区域的色素细胞的特定表达决定的。控制色素细胞分化和形态发生的因素进行了研究，使用的细胞Oryzias latipes和非洲爪蟾。N-CAM和N-cadherin被发现在两个物种的已分化的黄色素细胞的细胞表面上，并且在Oryzias的白色素细胞中，而黑色素细胞和虹膜细胞不表达这些分子。保证不同类型的细胞之间的附着以在体内形成色素单元的关键分子可能与这些CAM不同，并且仍有待鉴定。目前正在努力改进免疫电镜中的抗原保存和分辨率。非洲爪蟾神经嵴细胞的分化在一定程度上是可控的，目前已能诱导或抑制黑色素细胞的分化，但尚不清楚诱导其他类型色素细胞的有效途径。N-cadherin（135 kd和112 kd）在非洲爪蟾胚胎（st.22）的神经管和后期的色素母细胞（黑色素母细胞）中表达，但随着黑素细胞分化的进行而逐渐减少。在内在因素方面，微管和波形蛋白对维持Oryzias的细胞形态很重要，而在非洲爪蟾和蛙黑色素细胞中，肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白系统的参与是清楚的。对两栖动物在发育过程中细胞骨架结构的变化，即从洄游到静止状态，以及在变态过程中色素细胞单位的形成过程，还需进一步研究。在虹膜细胞中，嘌呤血小板的形式直接关系到细胞是否采取双极或扁平，不对称的形式。