Growth of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Isoprenoid Pathway -Synthesis and Absorption of Sterol in Diabetes Mellitus-

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1) Plasma levels of plant sterols were increased in diabetic rats pair-fed with plant sterol chow compared with control rats, and were significantly correlated with morphological markers of intestine as well as plasma post-heparin diamine oxidase activity. Since plant sterols are not synthesized in animals, these results suggest that hypertrophy of intestine and dietary factors play important roles in pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia in diabetic mellitus. Cholesterol synthetic rates were markedly increased in the intestine from diabetic rats fed with plant sterol chow.2) Cholesterol transport from apical side to basolateral side of Caco-2 cells cultured on membrane filter were regulated by insulin but not increased by accumulation of esterified cholesterol, suggesting that assembly and/or processing of lipoprotein in epithelial cells of gut is important for the regulation of absorption of sterols.3) A case of sitosterolemia with eruptive xanthoma was newly diagnosed. Administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decreased plasma plant sterol levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects, where bile sequestering resin did not, suggesting that changes of cholesterol biosynthetic rates may not directly rink to the increased levels of plasma plant sterol in sitosterolemia.