Theory of Quantum Coherence and Measurement Process

量子相干理论和测量过程

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    06640496
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    日本
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助国家:
    日本
  • 起止时间:
    1994 至 1995
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The paradox of the Schroedinger's cat will not be resolvable within the framework of quantum mechanics. A question arises whether or not quantum mechanics remains to be applicable not only to a microscopic or mesoscopic system but also to a genuine macroscopic system. With this fundamental problem in mind the following research has been carried out.(a) The experiment under way at Tohoku University on the phase separation of a supersaturated solution of 3He in liquid 4He at temperatures below 10mK suggests that the phenomenon of macroscopic quantum nucleation (MQN) has been observed. With the aim of elucidating this phenomenon on a microscopic-theoretical foundation, we proposed a field-theoretic model which is capable of describing the quantum nucleation process. We then proceeded to deriving an effective quantum mechanics obeyed by a relevant collective degree of freedom, namely radius R of the mucleating bubble. While a preliminary result obtained from this consideration gives essentially the same potential energy governing the dynamics of the bubble as envisaged in the standard phenomenological model, it disagrees with the latter in the R-dependence of the effective inertial mass for the expanding bubble. As a consequence the phenomenological model is found to overestimate the quantum nucleation rate by a factor of 10th power of 10.(b) In general macroscopic quantum phenomena, of which MQN is an example, can be severely affected by the very act of measuring them. It is therefore necessary to investigate the total system consisting of the macrscopic system in question and a relevant measurement apparatus. We proposed a simple model for this purpose and arrived at the following conclusion ; it is possible under certain ideal yet realizable circumstances to conduct a measurement which keeps the quantum coherence under investigation intact.
薛定谔猫悖论在量子力学的框架内是无法解决的。一个问题是,量子力学是否不仅适用于微观或介观系统,而且适用于真正的宏观系统。考虑到这一基本问题,进行了以下研究。(a)东北大学正在进行的实验表明,在低于10 mK的温度下,3 He在液体4 He中的过饱和溶液的相分离表明,已经观察到宏观量子成核(MQN)现象。为了在微观理论基础上阐明这一现象,我们提出了一个能够描述量子成核过程的场论模型。然后,我们继续推导出一个有效的量子力学服从相关的集体自由度,即半径R的灭核泡。虽然从这个考虑得到的初步结果给出了基本上相同的势能,在标准的唯象模型中设想的气泡的动力学,它不同意后者在R-依赖的有效惯性质量的膨胀气泡。结果发现,唯象模型高估了量子成核率的10次方倍。(b)一般来说,宏观量子现象(MQN就是一个例子)会受到测量它们的行为的严重影响。因此,有必要研究由所讨论的宏观系统和相关测量仪器组成的整个系统。为此,我们提出了一个简单的模型,并得出以下结论:在某些理想但可实现的情况下,有可能进行一种测量,使研究中的量子相干性保持不变。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(52)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
高木伸: "巨視的量子現象と3He-4He混合量子液体" 科学(岩波書店). 65. 595-602 (1995)
Shin Takagi:“宏观量子现象和 3He-4He 混合量子液体”(岩波书店)。
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    0
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  • 通讯作者:
Takashi Nakamura and Shin Takagi: "Macroscopic Quantum Nucleation : WKB Analysis" Mod.Phys.Lett. B9. 591-599 (1995)
Takashi Nakamura 和 Shin Takagi:“宏观量子成核:WKB 分析”Mod.Phys.Lett。
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  • 影响因子:
    0
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  • 通讯作者:
Taiichi Hiraoka: "Quantum Measurement Process of MQC" (発表予定).
Taiichi Hiraoka:“MQC 的量子测量过程”(待提交)。
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    0
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Shin Takagi and Gen Tatara: "MQC of Chirality of a Domain Wall in Ferromagnets" (to be published).
Shin Takagi 和 Gen Tatara:“铁磁体中磁畴壁手性的 MQC”(待出版)。
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  • 影响因子:
    0
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  • 通讯作者:
Takashi Nakamura, Yusuke Kanno and Shin Takagi: "Single-Collective-Degree-of-Freedom Models of NQN" Phys. Rev. B51. 8446-8556 (1995)
Takashi Nakamura、Yusuke Kanno 和 Shin Takagi:“NQN 的单集体自由度模型”Phys。
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    0
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TAKAGI Shin其他文献

TAKAGI Shin的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('TAKAGI Shin', 18)}}的其他基金

optogenetic analsysis of single neurons in vivo
体内单个神经元的光遗传学分析
  • 批准号:
    25560424
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
Induced reprogrammiong of cell fate in C. elegans
线虫细胞命运的诱导重编程
  • 批准号:
    23657144
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
A study of epidermal morphogenesis regulated by semaphorin signaling
信号蛋白信号调节表皮形态发生的研究
  • 批准号:
    21370097
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Three-dimensional analysis of dental titanium implant coated by a new biomaterial
新型生物材料涂层牙科钛种植体的三维分析
  • 批准号:
    20592200
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Studies on molecular mechanisms regulating the morphogenetic movement of the C.elegans vulva.
线虫外阴形态发生运动调控的分子机制研究。
  • 批准号:
    15570174
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Theory of Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena
宏观量子现象理论
  • 批准号:
    08640471
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Screen of neuronal genes by ectopic expression of cDNA in C.elegans
线虫 cDNA 异位表达筛选神经元基因
  • 批准号:
    07808078
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Quantum Dynamics and Non-Inertial Frames of Reference.
量子动力学和非惯性参考系。
  • 批准号:
    03640327
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)

相似海外基金

Quantum Nucleation
量子成核
  • 批准号:
    08240203
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
Study of Nucleation Phenomena in ^3He-^4He Liquid Mixtures-Quantum Nucleation-
^3He-^4He液体混合物中成核现象的研究-量子成核-
  • 批准号:
    06402013
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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