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Structure and strength of spider silk and application to environmental by use of the degradation of its orb-web

蜘蛛丝的结构、强度及其球网降解在环境中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
06650096
负责人：
KITAGAWA Masayoshi
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06650096/
关键词：
Spider thread Amino acid Ultraviolet ray Acid rain Dragline Capture thread Mechanical properties Stress-strain curve 応力・ひずみ曲線ジョロウグモ強度スーパー繊維

项目摘要

The aim of this report is (1) to investigate structure and strength of spider silk and (2) to discuss the effect of environment of acid rain and ultraviolet ray (UV) on the deformation behavior of the orb-web of the spider Nephila clavata called Jorougumo in Japan and the applicability to an environmental assessment on its inhabitant.In order to investigate the fundamental characterristics of the spider dragline silk and capture thread, some tests of (1) surface observation, (2) amino-acid analysis, (3) FTIR analysis, (4) thermal analysis and (5) dynamic mechanical analisis were performed. Furthermore, using a home-made tensile testing machine specially devised for spider thread, stress-strain curves of draglines and capture threads were obtained to estimate the mechanical properties, and the degradation of the dragline and the orb-web due to the UV irradiation and the exposure to quasi-acid rain were investigatedIt was shown that (1) the spider dragline silk consisted mainly of neutral amino-acids of glysine and alanine, (2) the dragline with diameter of about 2-4mum was made of finer fibrils, (3) the dragline was thermaly stable up to about 250ﾟC,(4) the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of the dragline were about 5 times smaller, but the fracture strain and the energy to break were about 5 times larger than those of the best man-made fiber, (5) the UV irradiation induced the degradation of the dragline, (6) the acid rain which falled at present did not degaradate the dragline, (7) the stress-strain curve of the capture thread was J-shaped and the fracture strain was about 200%, which is 10 times larger than that of the dragline and (8) a special mecanism of the capture thread named windlass system was reconfirmed.

本文的目的是（1）研究蜘蛛丝的结构和强度;（2）讨论酸雨和紫外线（UV）环境对蜘蛛丝变形行为的影响。本文介绍了日本棒形络新妇（Nephila clavata）的蜘蛛网及其在环境评价中的适用性，为了研究棒形络新妇（Nephila clavata）拖丝的基本特性和捕捉进行了（1）表面观察、（2）氨基酸分析、（3）FTIR分析、（4）热分析和（5）动态力学分析。在自制的蜘蛛丝拉伸试验机上，测定了蜘蛛丝牵引丝和捕获丝的应力-应变曲线，并研究了蜘蛛丝牵引丝和捕获丝在紫外线和准酸雨条件下的降解情况。结果表明：（1）蜘蛛丝牵引丝主要由中性氨基酸甘氨酸和丙氨酸组成，（2）直径为约2- 4 μ m的拉铲由更细的原纤维制成，（3）拉铲在高达约250 ℃下是热稳定的，（4）拉铲的弹性模量和拉伸强度比最好的人造纤维小约5倍，但断裂应变和断裂能比最好的人造纤维大约5倍，（5）紫外线辐照引起拉铲的降解;（6）目前的酸雨对拉铲没有降解作用;（7）捕捉丝的应力-应变曲线呈J型，断裂应变约为200%;（8）再次证实了一种特殊的捕丝机构--绞盘系统。