‘Aliens in the community’ and ‘enemies of the state’. Intergenerational structures of action and remembering in families of stigmatized victims of the National Socialism in Austria and Germany

“社区中的外国人”和“国家的敌人”。

• 批准号: 442960441
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Maria Pohn-Lauggas
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Methoden und methodologische Grundlagen der Sozialwissenschaften (IMMS)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/442960441?language=en
• 关键词: Aliens; community; enemies; state; Intergenerational

This research project focuses on the intergenerational transmission of the experiences of people who were socially stigmatized and persecuted under the National Socialist regime before and after 1945. The interviewees are descendants of people who were persecuted, deported and murdered by the Nazi regime as so-called “Gemeinschaftsfremde” (“aliens in the community”) and “enemies of the state”. This means people who were included under socio-racist terms such as “homosexuals” or “Berufsverbrecher” (“professional criminals”), as well as deserters and Jehovah’s Witnesses as conscientious objectors. Their experiences did not become part of the collective memory in Germany and Austria and remain invisible in public remembrance. Reasons for this can be found in denial discourses, in the social stigmatization of the victims which persisted even after 1945, and, not least, in the fact that there has been no collective fight for recognition by victimized and persecuted persons in organized groups. Similar tendencies can be observed in the social sciences and humanities, where for decades the main focus of multi-generational research has been on Jewish families and the families of Nazi perpetrators. In the light of this situation, we investigate the effects social stigmatization and lack of visibility have on the descendants and their intergenerational and biographical structures of acting and remembering, and compare these structures. This is an attempt to fill an existing gap in multi-generational research in the social sciences and humanities.

该研究项目的重点是1945年前后在国家社会主义政权下遭受社会污名和迫害的人们的经历的代际传承。受访者是被纳粹政权迫害、驱逐和谋杀的人的后裔，这些人被称为“Gemeinschaftsfremde”（“社区中的外国人”）和“国家敌人”。这意味着被纳入社会种族主义术语的人，例如“同性恋者”或“Berufsverbrecher”（“职业罪犯”），以及逃兵和耶和华见证人作为良心拒服兵役者。他们的经历并没有成为德国和奥地利集体记忆的一部分，并且在公众记忆中仍然不可见。其原因可以从否认的言论中找到，在1945年之后仍然持续存在的对受害者的社会污名中找到，尤其是在有组织的团体中没有为受害者和受迫害者的承认而进行集体斗争的事实。在社会科学和人文学科中也可以观察到类似的趋势，几十年来，多代人研究的主要焦点一直是犹太家庭和纳粹肇事者的家庭。鉴于这种情况，我们调查了社会耻辱和缺乏可见性对后代及其行为和记忆的代际结构和传记结构的影响，并比较了这些结构。这是填补社会科学和人文学科多代人研究现有空白的尝试。