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Increasing the efficiency of disease resistant breeding by utilizing genomic in situ hybridization method

利用基因组原位杂交方法提高抗病育种效率

基本信息

批准号：
06660011
负责人：
MORIKAWA Toshinobu
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Osaka Prefecture University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660011/
关键词：
oat A.Macrostachya A.prostrata barley yellow dwarf virus powdery mildew disease resistant breeding pairing promoting gene GISH method 染色体 in situハイブリダイゼーション組織培養耐病性遺伝子 BYDV ソマクローン変異タバコ

项目摘要

Avena macrostachya showing high resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is wild tetraplod oats originated in Algeria. Interspecific cross, A.strigosa x A.macrostachya has been made to transfer the BYDV resistant genes. Right now, in BC2 generation of the hybrids, alien chromosome addition lines were obtained by successive backcrosses and chromosome selection. Avena prostrata showing high resistance to powdery mildew is wild diploid oats originated in southern Spain. Gene transferred line from the A.prostrata into cultivated oat has already established by utilizing special genotype promoting chromosome pairing between homeologous chromosomes and somaclonal variations. Stable chromosome lines are still selected to establish a disease resistance cultivar.Relationships between size of the chromosome segments from wild species which incorporated into the cultivar and degree of resistance were estimated by in situ hybridization methods. But unfortunately positive correlation was not detected between them. It is possible to detect resistant line without using parasite, and GISH method saved a lot of labor and time. When a further refinement of the resistant lines are requested in the next generation, the use of the GISH method to detect alien chromosome segment is one of the most practical method for gene transfer in Avena.

对大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）具有高抗性的野生四倍体燕麦是一种产自阿尔及利亚的野生燕麦。采用种间杂交的方法转移了抗BYDV基因。目前，在BC2代杂交种中，通过连续回交和染色体选择获得了异染色体附加系。原产于西班牙南部的野生二倍体燕麦对白粉病具有较高的抗性。利用特殊的基因型促进同源染色体间的染色体配对和体细胞无性系变异，已经建立了从原草到栽培燕麦的基因转移系。仍然选择稳定的染色体系来建立抗病品种。利用原位杂交的方法，估计了野生种融入栽培品种的染色体片段大小与抗性程度之间的关系。但不幸的是，两者之间没有发现正相关。不使用寄生虫检测耐药品系是可能的，GISH方法节省了大量的人力和时间。当下一代抗病品系需要进一步改良时，利用GISH方法检测异体染色体片段是Avena基因转移最实用的方法之一。