Governance and institutions as drivers of NCP supply and management

制度和治理是人类选择或活动与更广泛的社会经济、技术、政治和文化背景之间的关键调解因素。政府间科学政策平台框架已经认识到它们对于塑造人类与环境的总体关系，特别是国家联络点的重要性。非常多样化的基利曼哈罗地区提供了一个很好的机会，调查机构和治理“生产”一个非常异质的“景观”的土地使用。在此背景下，SP 5研究了土地利用，NCP，机构和治理以及机构和治理绩效之间的动态关系。近年来，像基利曼哈罗这样的复杂社会生态系统的治理经常被概念化，并被分析为多中心的。尽管如此，农业土地利用还没有从这个角度来解决，虽然多中心治理建议富有成效的切入点，研究机构的变化和性能的合作生产的农业土地利用不同的私人，公共和民间社会行为者。此外，虽然政府间科学政策平台框架已经认识到权力在理解自然资源治理和土地使用决策方面的作用，但几乎没有系统地将其引入实证分析。虽然基利曼哈罗的土地利用以前已经调查过，但全面结合和比较利益攸关方、土地利用类型、海拔和生态系统的治理方面的研究却缺失了。SP 5将通过评估体制变革和绩效如何塑造基利曼哈罗的土地使用来缩小这些差距。它将确定利益攸关方和土地使用类型塑造国家合作伙伴关系;它将解决的作用，机构和治理安排在影响不同的土地使用类型的形成在过去的二十五年，以及为什么机构和治理安排改变;它将评估权力的行为者之间的分配及其对土地使用类型的影响。此外，它想知道，我们如何能够评估的问题，如水的治理性能，生物医药互连的土地利用基利曼哈罗，以及在何种程度上的性能，理解为水的使用与土地利用的协调，可以通过不同的层面的制度适合解释。为此，战略计划5进行了利益相关者分析，为战略计划3-5中将要进行的土地使用调查做出了贡献，并进行了文件和文献审查以及大量的关键知情人访谈和焦点小组讨论。收集定性数据，进行社会网络分析和认知绘图，以评估治理的标量和功能机构的配合。这样，通过四个工作包，SP 5填补了我们对基利曼哈罗SES的综合理解中的关键空白，并为RU做出了重要贡献，特别是与SP 1，4，6和7的合作。

Institutions and governance are key mediating factors between human choices or activities and the broader socio-economic, technological, political, and cultural context. Their importance for shaping human-environment relations in general, and NCP in particular, has been recognized by the IPBES framework. The very diverse Kilimanjaro region provides an excellent opportunity to investigate institutions and governance ‘producing’ a very heterogeneous ‘landscape’ of land-uses. Against this background, SP 5 investigates the dynamic relationships between land use, NCP, institutions, and governance and performance of institutions and governance. In recent years, governance in complex social-ecological systems (SES) like Kilimanjaro has often been conceptualized and analysed as polycentric. Still, agricultural land use has not been addressed from this perspective although polycentric governance suggests fruitful entry points to the study of institutional change and performance in relation to the co-production of agricultural land use by diverse private, public, and civil society actors. Further, while the role of power in understanding natural resource governance and land-use decisions has already been recognized in the IPBES framework it has hardly been introduced into empirical analyses in a systematic manner. While land use on Kilimanjaro has been investigated previously, studies comprehensively combining and comparing governance aspects across stakeholders, land-use types, elevations, and ecosystems are missing. SP 5 will close these gaps by assessing how institutional change and performance shape land use on Kilimanjaro. It will identify stakeholders and land-use types shaping NCP; it will address the role of institutions and governance arrangements in affecting the formation of different land-use types throughout the last twenty-five years, and why institutions and governance arrangements changed; and it will assess the distribution of power among actors and its effects on land-use types. Further, it wonders how we can evaluate the performance of governance of issues that biophysically interconnect land use on Kilimanjaro, such as water, and to what extent performance, understood as coordination of water use in relation to land uses, can be explained through various dimensions of institutional fit. To this end, SP 5 conducts a stakeholder analysis, contributes to the survey of land uses to be carried out in SPs 3-5, and carries out a document and literature review as well as a large number of Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Qualitative data is collected and a social network analysis and cognitive mapping is undertaken in order to assess the scalar and functional institutional fit of governance. That way, throughout four Work Packages, SP 5 closes crucial gaps in our integrated understanding of Kilimanjaro SES and makes a vital contribution to the RU, particularly in collaboration with SPs 1, 4, 6 and 7.