Transfer of Knowledge and Science, and Transnational Circulation of Ideas between Central and Eastern Europe and the Republic of Turkey: Polish-Caraim, Hungarian, and Russian Muslim Academicians and "entangled intellectuals" (ca. 1917-1950)

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Linguists and historians from Central and Eastern Europe, mostly Turkologists of Caraim-Jewish background from Poland like Sergej Szapszal and Ananiasz Zajaczkowski as well as Hungarian ethnographers and intellectuals such as Gyula Mészáros, Lászlo Rásonyi, Zajti Ferenc as well as Turkic exile intellectuals and experts from Azerbaijan (Ahmet Caferoglu), Crimea and Volga-region of Russia, Tatars and Bashkirs like Hamit Zübeyr Kosay, Zeki Velidi Togan, Abd. Inan influenced, co-shaped, and co-initiated the transfer of knowledge and sciences to Turkey. The contribution of those philologists, historians of culture and literature from CEE to the foundation of Turkish Turkology, language planning, history-writing and museum-building is enormous, but still mostly neglected by the international scholarship. Those scientists were, however, closely interwoven with Turkish academia (Fuat Köprülü, Ragip Hulusi Özdem) and entangled with each other. Being rooted in several academic cultures and discourse spaces, these scientists were amazing examples of "entangled intellectuals" and acted as "cultural brokers" between Kemalist Turkey, Central Europe, and Soviet humanities. The project's focus is the analysis of the transfers of knowledge and sciences in the fields such as language, history, and culture to the post-Ottoman Turkey. The transfers will be investigated by revisiting the Turkish language reform, and the state-back history-writing and definition of Turkish popular culture under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as well as in the years afterwards.