Elevational replacement, higher tropical mountain passes and isolated sky islands: untangling neutral and adaptive processes driving radiation of Andean Apocynaceae

海拔更替、较高的热带山口和孤立的天空岛屿：解开驱动安第斯夹竹桃科辐射的中性和适应性过程

• 批准号: 447013721
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/447013721?language=en
• 关键词: Elevational; replacement; higher; tropical; mountain

Mountain systems are biodiversity hotspots. In South America, several Andean mountain floras are among the most diverse, evolutionary most active and species-richest worldwide. We will study adaptive and neutral processes in the evolution of species diversity in tropical mountain systems in South America using the species in the Orthosiinae clade of the Apocynaceae (dogbane family). To reveal the relative contributions of both processes in Orthosiinae diversification, we (1) estimate the number of species using morphological studies and coalescence-based genomic approaches. To do so, we analyze target-enriched genomic data (Hyb-Seq) and study plant specimens harbored in museums and herbaria around the world. Time-calibrated species trees are used to (2) estimate frequency and magnitude of shifts in flower size and structure, as well as the rates of flower size evolution among lineages and their association to species diversification rates. Spatial analyses of species occurrences and climatic niche modelling is used to (3) identify the frequency of allopatric speciation events, species phylogeography and ecological preferences, and the elevational pattern of species replacement (current and historical). Integrating our genomic, phenotypic, spatial and ecologic data, we (4) estimate tempo and mode of neutral and adaptive processes driving radiation in Andean Orthosiinae. This will contribute to our understanding of interactions among drivers of species diversification. Within the SPP "Taxon-Omics" our comprehensive goal is to establish a pipeline for the updating of species and metadata in digital herbaria. Accessible data linked to an observation (specimen), available and reusable, in turn, provide the base for historical, current and future assessment of plant biodiversity and its evolutionary dynamics in the American Andes. Operational and structural synergies in the competence network of this priority program provide the pivotal environment for this study and the education of next-generation taxonomists.

山地系统是生物多样性的热点。在南美洲，几个安第斯山脉的植物群是世界上最多样化，进化最活跃和物种最丰富的。我们将使用夹竹桃科（夹竹桃科）的Orthosiinae分支中的物种研究南美洲热带山地系统物种多样性进化的适应性和中性过程。为了揭示这两个过程中的相对贡献Orthosiinae多样化，我们（1）估计物种的数量，使用形态学研究和聚结为基础的基因组方法。为此，我们分析了目标富集的基因组数据（Hyb-Seq），并研究了世界各地博物馆和植物标本馆中的植物标本。时间校准的物种树被用来（2）估计频率和幅度的变化，花的大小和结构，以及花的大小进化的谱系之间的速度和它们的关联物种多样化率。物种出现的空间分析和气候生态位模型被用来（3）确定异域物种形成事件的频率，物种的地理和生态偏好，以及物种更替的海拔模式（当前和历史）。综合我们的基因组，表型，空间和生态数据，我们（4）估计的克里思和模式的中性和适应性过程驱动的辐射在安第斯Orthosiinae。这将有助于我们理解物种多样化驱动因素之间的相互作用。在SPP“分类组学”中，我们的综合目标是建立一个更新数字植物标本库中物种和元数据的管道。与观察（标本）相关的可解释数据，可获得和可重复使用，反过来，为美国安第斯山脉植物生物多样性及其进化动力学的历史，当前和未来评估提供了基础。这个优先项目的能力网络的操作和结构协同作用为这项研究和下一代分类学家的教育提供了关键的环境。