The Contested Solidarities of Refugee Support in Germany: Actions between Humanitarian Help and Political Activism

目的是将我的博士论文手稿作为专著在出版公司出版（b施普林格VS或Transcript），以便将其发现提供给学术读者。本文调查了2015年移民夏季德国居民中出现的支持难民的做法。在这个时候，成千上万的移民不定期地越过欧盟的外部边界寻求庇护，而抵达德国的寻求庇护者人数急剧增加。这一发展动员了空前数量的德国居民来“帮助”。为了促进广泛流传的德国“欢迎文化”概念，他们从事志愿活动，并在该国许多角落建立了新的公民倡议，以支持难民。这本书分析了这些支持性做法是如何在（据说）“非政治”形式的人道主义帮助和政治激进主义之间的矛盾空间中发展起来的。从经验上看，这本书建立了一个20个月的人种学和定性的实地考察，涉及在德国南部接待寻求庇护者的各种演员。基于这些丰富的见解，本书展示了支持难民的做法如何总是与权力问题交织在一起，导致矛盾的，有时是意想不到的影响，从满足个人需求到共谋移民治理，再到在移民加剧的时代带来更具包容性的共同生活方式的政治可能性。换句话说，帮助难民是根据不同行动者和个人的想象和利益而定的。在分析上，这本书发展了有争议的团结的概念。这一观点质疑了那些向难民提供帮助和支持的人的社会想象，并认为他们是理解帮助难民的多种做法及其不同效果的核心。从这个角度来看，这本书有助于(a)对社会人类学中团结一词的概念理解，并提供(b)对团结及其在移民社会中的实践的经验基础理解。

The aim is to publish the manuscript of my PhD thesis as a monograph at a publishing company (Springer VS or Transcript) in Order to make its findings available to an academic audience. The dissertation investigates the practices in support of refugees that emerged among German residents in the migration summer of 2015. At this point in time, thousands of migrants crossed the external borders of the European Union irregularly in their search for asylum, while the numbers of asylum seekers arriving in Germany increased sharply. This development mobilized an unprecedented number of German residents to "help". Aiming to contribute to the widely circulating notion of a German "Welcome Culture", they engaged in volunteering practices and founded new citizens' initiatives in support of refugees in numerous Corners of the country. The book analyses how these supportive practices developed in an ambivalent space between (supposedly) `apolitical' forms of humanitarian help and political activism.Empirically, the book builds an 20 months of ethnographic and qualitative fieldwork with various actors involved in the reception of asylum seekers in Southern Germany. Building an these rich insights, the book shows how practices in support of refugees are always intertwined with questions of power, leading to ambivalent, at times unintended effects ranging from a fulfilment of personal needs to a complicity in the governance of migration to political possibilities to bring about more inclusive ways of living-together in an age of intensified migration. In other words, helping refugees is situated and responds to the imaginaries and interests of different actors and individuals involved.Analytically, the book develops the concept of Contested Solidarities. This perspective interrogates the social imaginaries of those who offered help and support to refugees and argues that they are central to understanding the manifold practices of helping refugees and their diverse effects. With this perspective, the book contributes to (a) the conceptual understanding of the term solidarity in social anthropology and provides (b) an empirically grounded understanding of solidarity and its practices in migration societies.