A STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF BANKS IN METROPOLITAN AREA AND THEIR NON-PERFORMING LOANS

本研究利用帝国数据银行发布的企业评价概要数据，对2000年代初期东京地区日本银行的不良贷款额进行了推算。如果使用资本额超过1000万日元的企业的全部数据，则建筑业、真实的房地产、金融、零售和整销售企业的不良贷款估计额占60%。利用这些微观数据，我们还从地理角度探讨了贷款公司与银行之间的关系。我们发现，即使是大型银行，贷款最多的公司也出现在距离分行有一定距离的小区域，在东京首都圈，由于他们向更有利可图的零售贷款移动。其次，在观察当地银行的股票价格时，它们的范围越来越宽，这反映了对长期财务业绩和资产稳健性的严重担忧，在股市关于这些区域性银行的贷款策略，我们已经表明，它们在其当地分行所覆盖的地区增加了贷款量，并增加了银团贷款量。我们的研究结果表明，银行生存的关键因素是有健全的金融组合和重组，以提供有效的银行服务。关于大型银行的结构调整，我们发现，在坂神都市圈，竞争对手的分支机构少、职员人数多的分支机构更容易生存。我们还探讨了作为“主力银行”而对业绩好的企业进行圈地的行为。从我们的观察来看，大型银行成为“主力银行”的动机与地方银行不同。特别是对区域银行来说，向业绩良好的公司提供贷款比成为“主要银行”更为重要，因为这可能改善它们的财务业绩。

We estimated the amount of non-performing loans of Japanese banks in early 2000's in Tokyo metropolitan area, by utilizing the companies' evaluation profile data, issued by Teikoku Data Bank. By using all data of the companies capitalized more than 10 million yen, the result is that 60% of the estimated amount of non-performing loans are from construction, real estates, finance, retail & whole sale companies. Using these micro data, we also explored the relationship between loaned companies and banks from a geographical view point. We have found that the most loaned companies, even for the mega banks, were found in small area with a certain distance from the branches, in Tokyo metropolitan area, due to their movement toward the more profitable retailed loans.Next, when observing the stock prices for the local banks, their ranges are getting wider, which reflect the serious concerns for the financial performance in long term and soundness of assets, in the stock market. Regarding the loan strategies for these regional banks, we have shown that they have increased both the amount of loans in the regions where their local branches cover, and that of syndicated loans. Our results shows that the key factors for bank survival are having sound financial portfolio and restructuring for efficient banking service. Regarding restructuring of the mega banks, we found the branches, which have less competitors' branches and have a good amount of the clerks, tends to survive in Hanshin Metropolitan Area.We have also explored the behavior of the enclosure of the good performing firms by being the "main bank".From our observation, the incentive of being a "main bank" for the mega banks is different between that for regional banks. For the regional banks, particularly, having loans to the good performing firms is more important than being the "main banks", for possible improvement of their financial performances.