Neupsycological study for the development of cognitive and emotional qualia in infants.

本研究旨在通过新的脑成像技术来研究婴儿认知和情感品质的发展。我们对婴幼儿脑成像的研究表明，婴幼儿的眶前区具有与成人一样与认知和情绪质量相关的敏感功能。(1)2002年，我们证实了近红外光谱(NIRS)和热成像技术在婴幼儿认知和情绪反应的脑成像研究中的适用性，并表明婴幼儿的认知和情绪反应可以被测量为母亲的脸、言语和触摸等多模式刺激所产生的心理生理反应。对于脑损伤患者的认知和情绪质量，采用辨别转移学习的方法考察了患者较高的执行加工能力。结果表明，额叶损害是导致刺激加工成分功能障碍的主要原因。…2003年，利用近红外光谱对视觉三维物体加工过程中的脑活动进行了研究。结果表明，大脑半球的激活存在个体差异，在大任务需求情境下，前顶区和梭状回的激活随被试的观点而变化。本研究考察了母婴交互作用下婴儿枕区的激活情况。结果表明，在任何个人交互作用下，左半球枕区激活，而右半球仅在婴儿-陌生人交互作用下激活。(3)2004年，考察了嗅觉刺激物如胆汁和关节奶对新生儿眶额区激活的影响。我们发现，布雷斯特牛奶的气味主要可以激活新生儿的额叶，这与喂养条件无关。对一名被父母忽视的婴儿的个案研究表明，在养老院中通过亲密的个人接触可以改善他的认知和情感质量的发展。(4)2005年，通过NIRS脑功能成像对婴儿面部表情的认知和情感质量以及婴儿定向言语的韵律特征进行了检测。对新生儿面部表情的脑成像的纵向研究表明，婴儿的认知和情感品质是在额部脑区分阶段发展的。母亲话语的韵律特征可能会影响新生儿额叶的激活，从而影响其质量的发展。较少

This study was conducted to examine the development of cognitive and emotional qualia in infants by means of the new brain imaging technique. Our study for the infant's brain imaging showed that the orbitofrontal area in infants has equipped the sensitive function, which is related to cognitive and emotional qualia as same as that of adults.(1) In 2002, we confirmed the applicability of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and thermography to the brain imaging study for cognitive and emotional responses in infants, and showed that the cognitive and emotional qualia in infants could be measured as the psycho-physiological responses derived by multimodal stimuli, such as mother's face, utterance and touch. For cognitive and emotional qualia in patients with brain damage, the higher executive processing functions of patients were examined by means of the discrimination shift learning. It was showed that the dysfunction for processing elements of stimuli was due to the lesion in frontal area. … More (2) In 2003, the brain activity during processing the visual three dimensional objects was examine by using NIRS. We showed that there are the individual differences of the hemispheric activation, and that the activations in the anterior-parietal area and the fusiform gyrus along changed with viewpoint of perticipants in large task-demand situation. According to this study, the activation on the occipital area in infants was examined under the mother-infant interaction. It was showed that the left hemisphere on the occipital area activated under any personal interactions while the right hemisphere activated only under the infant- unfamiliar person interaction.(3) In 2004, effects of olfactory stimuli, such as braest and articilial milk, on the activation on orbitofrontal area in neonates was examined. We found that the smell of brest milk can mostly activate the frontal area in neonates, and that this was irrespective of feeding conditions. The case study for one infants, who was neglected by parent, showed that his development pf cognitive and emotional qualia could be improved through the intimate personal contact in the nursing home.(4) In 2005, the cognitive and emotional qualia for the facial expression as well as the prosodic features of infant-directed-speech were examined through the brain functional imaging in neonates by NIRS. The longitudinal study for the neonate's brain imaging on the facial expression showed that the cognitive and emotional qualia in infants develop on the frontal brain area by stages. The prosodic feature of mother's utterance could affect the activation on the frontal area in neonates in terms of their qualia development. Less