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Studies on Water Resources and Water Use in an Arid Region in Attention with Historical Changes.

关注历史变迁的干旱地区水资源与用水研究。

基本信息

批准号：
14209020
负责人：
NAKAWO Masayoshi
金额：
$ 21.8万
依托单位：
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14209020/
关键词：
Arid Region Water Resources and Water Use Historical Aspect Yuan Era and Present Historical Documents Proxies Agriculture and Pastoralism Integration of Nature and Human Studies プロクシー(代替記録媒体)

项目摘要

The water issues at present, when agricultural development is intense, have been compared with those in the era of Yuan Dynasty, when many historical documents are available, in order to assess the effect of human activities for the water shortage found in the Heihe Basin, western China.Annual precipitation of the basin is as small as 50 to 150 mm in the middle and lower reaches where people are mostly staying. People are hence dependant on the river water which flows from high mountains including melt water of glaciers. Ice core analysis revealed that air temperature had become cooler and cooler in the Yuan Era, which is in good contrast with the warming present situation. Hydrological model calculation indicated that river discharge must have decreased with the cooling trend, owing to rapid growths of glaciers in the mountains, which is quite different from the trend of river discharge in the warming present situation. People, however is and had been facing similar severe water shortage problems both at present and in the Yuan Era. The water shortages in the both periods are concluded to be caused mainly by agricultural development in the middle reaches. It has been pointed out that a political action called "ecological migration" is accelerating water demands in the basin, and causing additional water shortages in the basin.

本文将农业发展激烈的今天的水资源问题与有大量史料记载的元代时期的水资源问题进行了比较，以评估人类活动对黑河流域水资源短缺的影响。流域年降水量少至50 ~ 150毫米，中下游是人口集中的地区。因此，人们依赖来自高山的河水，包括冰川融化的水。冰芯分析表明，元代气温逐渐变冷，这与现在的变暖情况形成了很好的对比。水文模型计算表明，由于山区冰川的快速增长，河流流量必然随着变冷趋势而减少，这与目前变暖情况下的河流流量趋势有很大不同。然而，无论是现在还是元代，人们都面临着类似的严重缺水问题。这两个时期的水资源短缺主要是由中游农业发展造成的。有人指出，一项被称为“生态移民”的政治行动正在加速该流域的用水需求，并造成该流域进一步的水资源短缺。