Case Studies of the Legal Status of Foreigners in East Asian Countries under the Unequal Treaties System

这项研究背后的推动力是，从亚洲/非亚洲国家驱逐外国人的情况加剧，外国人在亚洲犯下的罪行急剧增加。鉴于这些社会问题，调查造成文化冲突的因素的必要性、重建社会秩序的必要性以及建立适当解决冲突的法律制度的必要性都变得显而易见。本项目的目标是从社会法律角度澄清东亚各地与外国人有关的历史情况，并在过去发生冲突的情况下，从历史角度审查如何处理冲突，以满足这些需要。从通商口岸开放开始的人口迁移、隔离居民区的扩大、本地和外国人民之间以及当地公民之间的冲突，以及按种族划分的宪政民族国家的形成等问题，都被用“西方影响”、单个民族和革命历史叙事来描述。然而，包括整个东亚地区的外国人在内的更具全球性和包容性的报道还很少。而且，我们的研究不仅限于外国人的个别问题，还包括亚洲法律界的定义特征、国际关系和事件，甚至“东亚”本身的含义等问题。我们为回答这些问题采取的两个主要方法是：(1)调查东亚的外国社区的社会历史方法；(2)比较法律研究，检查解决冲突的制度和制裁方法。

The impetus behind this research has been the intensification of expulsions of foreigners from Asian/Non-Asian countries and the sharp increase in crimes committed by foreigners in Asia. In light of such social problems, the need to investigate the factors that contribute to cultural clashes, the need to reestablish social order, and the need to create legal systems that adequately addresses conflict resolution all become clear. The goal of the current project was to address these needs by clarifying the historical circumstances related to foreigners throughout East Asia from a socio-legal perspective and, in past incidences where conflict has arisen, to examine from a historical perspective how it was dealt with. Issues such as population migrations beginning with the opening of treaty ports, the growth of segregated living quarters, conflict between local and foreign peoples and among local citizenries themselves, and the formation of constitutional nation-states along ethnic lines have all been described in terms of "Western Impact," individual nation, and revolutionary historical narratives. However, more global and encompassing accounts that have included foreigners throughout all of East Asia have been few.Furthermore, however, our research has not been limited to isolated problems regarding foreigners alone, but has also included such questions as the defining characteristics of the Asian legal world, international relations and events, and even the meaning of the term "East Asia" itself. The two main approaches we have taken to answer these questions have been and will continue to be (1) a social-historical one which investigates foreign communities in East Asia, and (2) a comparative legal studies one which examines conflict resolution systems and methods of sanction.