Classification of ruins of the SilkRaods periods in and around Tarim basin, China, focusing on the terrestrial conditions

本文以日冕卫星照片解译、野外调查和文献记录为基础，重点讨论了塔里木盆地及其周边丝绸之路时期遗址的陆地条件分类。结果表明：目前大型绿洲的陆相条件可分为山前冲积扇型（P型）、冲积扇-河岸型（P- r型）和三角洲型（D型）。围绕墙遗址的陆相条件，与目前同一河道冲积扇上的大型绿洲相比较，可分为位于同一城市内部的内型、同一冲积扇区域的延伸或邻近型和与下游隔绝的远距型。在扩展型或邻接型中，一些遗址位于相对较高的地表上。控制遗址与现今绿洲城关系的因素，除了前人研究指出的山区排水量及其变化外，还有流经山前扇区后的河道平面格局、塔克拉玛干沙漠流沙与方向的位置关系以及活动断裂、活动翘曲等构造运动作为基本因素。

Based on interpretation of Corona satellite photographs, field survey and documentary records, classification of ruins of the Silk Roads periods in and around Tarim basin, China, is dicrussed, focusing on the terrestrial condition. Results are summarized as follows:Terrestrial conditions of the present large oases are divided into the piedmont alluvial fan type (P type), the alluvial fan-riparian type (P-R type) and the delta type (D type).Terrestrial conditions of the wall-surrounded ruins, in relation with the present large oasis on the alluvial fan along the same river course, are classified into the inside type situated inside of the same city, the extended or neighboring type on the same alluvial fan area, and the far distant type isolated to the lower reaches more than hundred kilometers. Among the extended or neighboring type, some ruins are situated on the relatively higher surfaces compared with the present oases.Factors controlling relationships between the ruins and the present oasis city above mentioned, are the plane pattern of the river course after passed through the piedmont fan area, the position in relation with directions of the drifting sand from the Taklimakan desert, and tectonic movements such as the active fault and active warping as the basic factor, in addition to the amount of the water discharge from the mountain area and its changes former studies already pointed out.