Classification of ruins of the SilkRaods periods in and around Tarim basin, China, focusing on the terrestrial conditions

根据对CORONA卫星照片的判读、实地调查和文献记载，对塔里木盆地及周边地区的丝绸之路遗址进行了分类，重点讨论了陆相条件。结果表明：现代大型绿洲的陆相条件可分为山前冲积扇型(P型)、冲积扇-河滨型(P-R型)和三角洲(D型)，围墙遗址的陆相条件与同一条河道冲积扇上现今的大型绿洲相对应，可分为同城内的内部型、同一冲积扇区的延伸型或邻接型和下游孤立的远远型。在延伸型或邻接型中，一些遗址位于与现今绿洲相比相对较高的地表上。上述控制遗址与现今绿洲城市关系的因素，除了已有研究指出的山区排水量及其变化外，还包括穿过山前扇区后的河道平面格局、来自塔克拉玛干沙漠的流沙的位置与方向的关系、活动断裂、活动翘曲等构造活动。

Based on interpretation of Corona satellite photographs, field survey and documentary records, classification of ruins of the Silk Roads periods in and around Tarim basin, China, is dicrussed, focusing on the terrestrial condition. Results are summarized as follows:Terrestrial conditions of the present large oases are divided into the piedmont alluvial fan type (P type), the alluvial fan-riparian type (P-R type) and the delta type (D type).Terrestrial conditions of the wall-surrounded ruins, in relation with the present large oasis on the alluvial fan along the same river course, are classified into the inside type situated inside of the same city, the extended or neighboring type on the same alluvial fan area, and the far distant type isolated to the lower reaches more than hundred kilometers. Among the extended or neighboring type, some ruins are situated on the relatively higher surfaces compared with the present oases.Factors controlling relationships between the ruins and the present oasis city above mentioned, are the plane pattern of the river course after passed through the piedmont fan area, the position in relation with directions of the drifting sand from the Taklimakan desert, and tectonic movements such as the active fault and active warping as the basic factor, in addition to the amount of the water discharge from the mountain area and its changes former studies already pointed out.