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Development of monitoring system using marine animals as oceanographic data collectors

以海洋动物为海洋数据采集器的监测系统开发

基本信息

批准号：
15255003
负责人：
SATO Katsufumi
金额：
$ 20.63万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo (2004-2006)National Institute of Polar Research (2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Bio-logging science, the use of small, data-logging electronic devices on animals, provides the capacity for researchers to examine oceanographic environment that define critical habitat of aquatic animals. The aim of this project is to develop new technique to monitor animal behavior in relation to their surrounding environments. Field studies were conducted at various places from tropical region to Antarctica. Target species were many aquatic animals such as fishes, reptile, seabirds and marine mammals.For example, we examined the diving behavior of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at St. George Island, southeastern Bering Sea, in relation to sea surface temperature and thermocline depth using ventrally attached depth-temperature recorders. Murres dove deeper in the mixed water mass, than in the stratified water, where most dives were to just below the thermocline depth. It suggests that the thermocline is important in shaping dive profiles of seabirds, possibly through its effect on the vertical distribution of both zooplankton and fish prey.In other case, animal-borne cameras deployed on Weddell seals revealed that the underside of an Antarctic ice shelf was covered by aggregated invertebrate communities, most likely cnidarians and isopods. This observation indicates that, similar to the sea floor, ice shelves serve as an important habitat for a remarkable amount of marine invertebrate fauna in Antarctica, and seals are effective for collecting oceanographic environment in severe condition.In conclusion, marine animals are favorable platforms for oceanographic sampling and bio-logging science is highly available to investigate aquatic animal behavior and physiology in relation to their surrounding environments.

生物记录科学是在动物身上使用小型的数据记录电子设备，为研究人员提供了检查海洋环境的能力，这些环境定义了水生动物的关键栖息地。这个项目的目的是开发新的技术来监测动物与周围环境的行为。在从热带地区到南极洲的不同地方进行了实地研究。目标物种是鱼类、爬行动物、海鸟和海洋哺乳动物等许多水生动物。例如，我们利用腹式附着式深度温度记录器，研究了白令海东南部圣乔治岛厚嘴海豚的潜水行为与海面温度和温跃层深度的关系。在混合水团中潜水的深度比在分层水中更深，在分层水中，大多数潜水深度都略低于温跃层深度。这表明温跃层对形成海鸟的潜水剖面很重要，可能是通过它对浮游动物和鱼类猎物的垂直分布的影响。在其他情况下，安装在韦德尔海豹身上的动物携带的相机显示，南极冰架的底部被聚集的无脊椎动物群落覆盖，很可能是蛇类和等足类动物。这一观察表明，与海底类似，冰架是南极相当数量的海洋无脊椎动物的重要栖息地，海豹是在恶劣条件下收集海洋环境的有效工具。总之，海洋动物是海洋采样的有利平台，生物测井科学可以很好地研究与周围环境有关的水生动物行为和生理。