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Ecological Wood Anatomy of Tropical trees

热带树木的生态木材解剖

基本信息

批准号：
15255015
负责人：
OKADA Naoki
金额：
$ 21.47万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In Dipterocarpaceae species growing in a tropical seasonal forest of Thailand, deciduous species tend to have narrower vessels than evergreen species. Especially the species in dry dipterocarp forests have more number of narrow vessels, and the distribution of vessel lumen size showed a dimorphic pattern (vessel dimorphism). Narrower vessels of such species will reduce the risk of embolism during the dry season. Vessel lumen size of many Dipterocarpaceae species in tropical seasonal forests became narrow with increasing the stem height, whereas vessel density became higher. Tree species in deciduous dipterocarp forests were appeared to have various hydraulic regimes, based on hydrogen isotope analysis, sapflow measurement and wood anatomical survey. They have established effective use of soil moisture by deep rooting, low transpiration, narrow vessels and successive leaf-falling, and have started leaf flush and flowering before the onset of the rainy season.We compared two remarkably different montane forests on Mt. Kinabalu, Barnes. Seven species in the forest established on a nutrient poor soil derived from ultrabasic rock have low tree height and thicker leaves than 6 species in the forest on sedimentary rock. Wood density, vessel lumen area and vessel density showed no significant differences as a whole between the two forests. However, when compared the species of same genus, the species on ultrabasic rock have higher wood density and narrower vessels than those on sedimentary rock. The data obtained by pressure-volume analysis also indicated that the species of ultrabasic rock are exposed to physiological draught, probably caused by low nutrient content of the soil. Tree species growing in the montane forests of Mt. Kinabalu have different wood density and vessel lumen size according to their maximum heights. Canopy species experiencing sever drought during the dry season avoid the stress by various mechanism such as the regulation of leaf osmotic pressure.

在泰国热带季节性森林中生长的龙脑香科物种中，落叶物种的导管往往比常绿物种更窄。尤其是干燥龙脑香林中的物种，其狭窄导管数量较多，且导管管腔大小的分布呈现二态性模式（导管二态性）。此类物种的血管较窄，可降低旱季发生栓塞的风险。热带季节性森林中许多龙脑香科物种的导管管腔尺寸随着茎高的增加而变窄，而导管密度则变高。根据氢同位素分析、液流测量和木材解剖学调查，落叶龙脑香科森林中的树种似乎具有不同的水力状态。它们通过深根、低蒸腾、狭窄导管和连续落叶等方式有效利用土壤水分，并在雨季到来之前开始长叶和开花。我们比较了巴恩斯京那巴鲁山上两种截然不同的山地森林。生长在超基性岩营养不良土壤上的森林中的 7 个物种比沉积岩森林中的 6 个物种树高低且叶子厚。两片森林的木材密度、导管管腔面积和导管密度总体上没有显着差异。但与同属的物种相比，超基性岩上的物种比沉积岩上的物种木材密度更高，导管更窄。压力-体积分析获得的数据还表明，超基性岩物种暴露于生理通风，可能是由于土壤养分含量低造成的。生长在京那巴鲁山山地森林中的树种，根据其最大高度的不同，其木材密度和容器腔尺寸也有所不同。在旱季经历严重干旱的冠层物种通过调节叶片渗透压等多种机制来避免胁迫。