KFG 33: Access to cultural goods in digital change: art historical, curatorial, and ethical aspects

获得文化产品是行使参与文化的人权的必要先决条件（《世界人权宣言》第27条）。与此相关的文化产品包括所有有助于传递信息或阐明和进一步发展一种文化对世界和自身的理解的文物：艺术品、档案、收藏和博物馆、科学研究成果的出版物等。数字化转型从根本上改变了获取文化产品的可能性和条件，并将继续带来这些产品的生产、复制、接收以及与之互动的新形式和新实践：在数字化的过程中，一方面，获取文化产品、博物馆、收藏、档案以及非物质产品的动态和潜在的民主形式正在出现，这些产品只存在于网络空间中，或者可以通过数字技术以新的方式获取。与此同时，新的访问限制形式正在蚕食个人和特定群体的使用可能性和使用权。此外，数字化将文化产品的生产和接受与技术先决条件联系在一起，这些先决条件可以被描述为二级访问条件。该研究小组旨在分析数字化导致的文化产品获取方式的变化，主要（但不限于）与艺术有关。它从(1)艺术科学，(2)策展和(3)伦理的角度来看待不断发展的机会以及与之相关的问题和冲突。因此，研究小组将(1)通过分析获取数字技术对艺术生产和接受的意义，通过研究数字转型为获取当代艺术和更古老的艺术开辟的机会和发展可能性，从而显著拓宽艺术研究的范围；并通过反思艺术特有的可及性问题，这些问题涉及到美术作品，而不是那些已经被广泛讨论过的短暂的艺术形式。它还旨在(2)探索随着访问方式的变化以及数字化转型带来的对某些艺术作品和其他收藏品的访问的新限制，对策展实践产生的影响。(3)最后，同样重要的是，它将有助于从影响艺术作品和其他文化产品获取的冲突的伦理角度对版权政策和法律研究进行辩论：研究小组将阐述和证明某些伦理原则，这些原则可能会为法律政策提供信息，并对管理文化产品获取的现有法律法规进行伦理评估。

Access to cultural goods is an essential prerequisite for exercising the human right to cultural participation (Art. 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Cultural goods relevant in this context include all artifacts that serve to convey information or to articulate and further develop a culture’s understanding of the world and itself: works of art, holdings of archives, collections and museums, publications of the results of scientific research, and the like.The digital transformation has fundamentally changed the possibilities and conditions of access to cultural goods, and will continue to bring about new forms and practices of production, reproduction, and reception of such goods, as well as interaction with them: In the course of digitization, on the one hand, dynamic and potentially democratic forms of access to cultural goods, to museums, collections, archives, but also to immaterial goods are emerging that exist exclusively in cyberspace or can be accessed in new ways by means of digital technologies. At the same time, new forms of access restriction are encroaching on the usage possibilities and usage rights of individuals and specific groups. Furthermore, digitality ties the production and reception of cultural goods to technological preconditions that can be characterized as second-order access conditions.The research group aims to analyze the changes in access to cultural goods caused by digitalization primarily – but not exclusively – with regard to art. It takes a look at the evolving opportunities as well as problems and conflicts that arise with them, from (1) an art-scientific, (2) a curatorial and (3) an ethical perspective. The research group will thus (1) significantly broaden the state of art research by analyzing the significance of access to digital technologies for art production and reception, by examining the opportunities and development possibilities that the digital transformation opens up for access to contemporary, but also to older art, and by reflecting on art-specific problems of accessibility concerning works of fine art other than those temporal and ephemeral art forms that have already been discussed quite extensively. It also aims to (2) explore the consequences for curatorial practice that arise with the changing ways of access and with the new restriction on access to certain art works and other collection goods brought about by the digital transformation. (3) Last, not least, it shall contribute to debates on copyright policy and legal studies with an ethical perspective on conflicts affecting access to art works and other cultural goods: the research group is going to elaborate and justify certain ethical principles that might inform legal policies and the ethical evaluation of existing legal regulations governing access to cultural goods.