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Resources recycling by advanced techniques for PVC containing waste plastics

含PVC废塑料先进技术资源化

基本信息

批准号：
16201019
负责人：
KAKUTA Noriyoshi
金额：
$ 31.03万
依托单位：
Toyohashi University of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of research project is the development of advanced techniques for the recycling of PVC containing waste plastics, especially in Japan. The smooth recycling system requires not only the technology but also the consumer acceptance of products. Particularly, the products from waste PVC gave a negative impression because Japanese consumers are afraid to an adverse health effect by the residual Cl species, even the concentration as low as ppb. Thus, in order to dispel concerns about products derived from PVC wastes, a new technology unconstrained existing methods should be developed in Japan. As the alternative method for the production of an activated carbon from carbon residues after the dehydrochlorination, we proposed a potassium activation method, whose advantages are that potassium will act both as the neutralizing agent for residual Cl species and as the activating agent for carbon. Furthermore, residual potassium and potassium chloride in the activated carbon can be used … More as a fertilizer in the agricultural fields but not for sodium due to the salt pollution. We attempted the production of activated carbons and determined the optimal condition for both a glass made apparatus and a batch apparatus equipped with a kerosene burner and a stainless-steel kiln. The activated carbon with a surface area of over 1000 m^2/g was prepared at 750C. It was found that the most important step is the pre-oxidation treatment at 300-400C before the carbonization, which means the formation of non-graphitizable carbon. After the treatment, both yield and quality of activated carbon are improved by the inhibition of melting to form graphitizable carbon during the carbonization. The importance of pre-oxidation treatment is confirmed in the production by the batch apparatus, too. In addition, dioxin concentration in the activated carbon meets environmental standards. Characteristics of activated carbon are as follows: 1) The activated carbon is more hydrophilic than most activated carbons available. 2) A large amount of surface functional groups such as OH and COOH, which are titrated by Boehm method, are formed and correlate contribute to the hydrophilic property. 3) The surface modification is successfully performed by add solutions such as HNO_3 and H_2SO_4 and thin nitric acid solutions are particularly effective for the generation of oxygenate group by the oxidation of C-C bonds. 4) Characteristics of activated carbon are somewhat affected by mixing ratios between PVC and polyolefin and the concentration of polyolefin should be control to be less than 50%. An application to agricultural field is now in progress Less

研究项目的目的是开发回收含PVC废塑料的先进技术，特别是在日本。顺畅的回收系统不仅需要技术，还需要消费者对产品的接受度。特别是，来自废PVC的产品给人留下了负面印象，因为日本消费者害怕残留的Cl物质对健康产生不利影响，即使浓度低至ppb。因此，为了消除人们对PVC废物产品的担忧，日本应开发一种不受现有方法限制的新技术。作为从脱氯化氢后的炭渣生产活性炭的替代方法，我们提出了钾活化法，其优点是钾既充当残余Cl物种的中和剂又充当炭的活化剂。此外，可以使用活性炭中的残留钾和氯化钾 ...更多信息在农田中用作肥料，但由于盐污染而不能用作钠。我们尝试了活性炭的生产，并确定了玻璃制装置和配有煤油燃烧器和不锈钢窑的间歇装置的最佳条件。在750 ℃下制备了比表面积大于1000 m^2/g的活性炭。研究发现，在碳化前进行300- 400 ℃的预氧化处理是最重要的步骤，即形成不可石墨化的碳。经该处理后的活性炭，在炭化过程中抑制了可石墨化炭的熔融，从而提高了活性炭的产率和质量。在批量装置的生产中也证实了预氧化处理的重要性。此外，活性炭中二恶英浓度符合环保标准。活性炭的特性如下：1）活性炭比大多数可用的活性炭更亲水。2)通过Boehm滴定法分析，发现表面形成了大量的OH、COOH等官能团，这些官能团的存在与亲水性有关。3)用HNO_3、H_2SO_4等添加剂对表面进行了改性，稀硝酸溶液对C-C键氧化生成羧基特别有效。4)PVC与聚烯烃的混合比例对活性炭的性能有一定的影响，聚烯烃的浓度应控制在50%以下。目前正在进行农业领域的应用减