Comparative History of the Civilizations Concerning Funerals and Commemoration of the Dead: Relatives, Neighbouring Societies and States

葬礼和死者纪念文明的比较史：亲属、邻国社会和国家

• 批准号: 16202012
• 负责人: EGAWA Atsushi
• 金额: $ 17.31万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16202012/
• 关键词: Funeral; Commemoration of the dead; Ordinary dead; Special dead; Syncretism; Concept of the world beyond; Pollution of death; Concept of spirit; 生死観; 冥界観; 死の習俗; 弔意; 殉教; 死者祭祀; タナトロジー; 葬送儀礼; 墓制; 死の穢れ; 死者追悼・記念; 先祖崇拝; 神格化; 社会統合

It is a common obligation for human societies to mourn for the dead men and to commemorate them. This is a problem that all civilizations cannot avoid. Funerals are main procedures, which reorganize social relations of living people through rituals of separation from dead men. And commemorative ceremonies of dead men are occasions for living people to reconfirm their own identities and to reunify their own groups. This project, focusing on how dead men were treated in their funerals or commemorative ceremonies aimed to find important clues to our comparative understanding of states and societies from pre-modern era to contemporary one.The funerals and commemoration of the dead can be divided into two types of social phenomena: (1)`the ordinary dead', whose funeral and commemoration are fundamentally the problems of relatives or a neighbouring community; (2) special dead' whose funeral or commemoration concerns a larger community or state (sovereigns, dictators, martyrs in different religions, people killed in national wars as soldiers or civilians, etc.)Starting from this suppositions, we have studied: (1) funerals and commemoration in various religions with their features of syncretism; (2) the complex relations between the rituals for`the special dead'and that of`the ordinary dead'; (3) the conscience represented in the funerals and the commemoration of contemporary societies where the influence of grand religions is weakened; (4)`political meanings of commemorations of killed in war.

悼念和纪念死者是人类社会的共同义务。这是所有文明都无法回避的问题。葬礼是通过与死者分离的仪式来重组生者社会关系的主要程序。对死者的纪念仪式是活着的人重新确认自己身份和统一自己群体的机会。本研究以死者在葬礼或纪念仪式中的待遇为研究对象，旨在为我们比较理解前现代与当代的国家和社会提供重要线索。死者的葬礼和纪念可以分为两类社会现象：（1）“普通死者”，其葬礼和纪念基本上是亲属或邻近社区的问题;（2）特殊死者，其葬礼或纪念活动涉及更大的社区或国家（主权者，独裁者，不同宗教的烈士，在民族战争中丧生的士兵或平民等）。从这一假设出发，我们研究了：（1）各宗教的葬礼和纪念活动及其融合特征;（2）“特殊死者”仪式与“普通死者”仪式之间的复杂关系;（3）大宗教影响力减弱的当代社会葬礼和纪念活动所体现的良心;（4）纪念阵亡将士的“政治意义"。

项目成果

Constructions for Commemoration of Sovereigns: An Essay for the Comparative History of France and Japan

纪念君主的建筑：法国和日本的比较史论文

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Courtiers and Warriors III' Comparative Studies on Civilizations Concerning Kingship and Ritual.(Kazuhiko Kasaya, ed.)
• 作者: 監修:藤目ゆき 周芬伶著;馮守蛾監訳;小池 生夫;渡久山章;加藤博;後小路雅弘;Atsushi Egawa
• 通讯作者: Atsushi Egawa

歴史がつくった偉人たち

历史上的伟大人物

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Hidemaru SHIMIZU;Izumi IWAMOTO;Masumi YAMADA;Yoshiyuki SUZUKI;小川裕充;山浦 清;根岸 雅史;渡久山章;長井伸仁
• 通讯作者: 長井伸仁

Statues of Potentates in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

中世纪和近代早期欧洲君主的雕像

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: History and Geography: Studies of World History Vol. 207
• 作者: UEDA;Hiroto;Hamasaki Moriyasu.;竹中 克行;後小路雅弘;Atsushi Egawa
• 通讯作者: Atsushi Egawa

Tombeaux et monuments de memoire des souverains en France et au Japon

法国和日本主权者的坟墓和纪念碑

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Memoirs of the Graduate School of Letters Osaka University 46
• 作者: Kombo Mohammed Mukadam;T. Yonaha;Vuai Said Ali;A. Tokuyama;Atsushi Egawa
• 通讯作者: Atsushi Egawa

西欧中近世における権力者の彫像--フランスを中心に

西欧近代早期权贵雕像--以法国为中心

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 歴史と地理 世界史の研究 第207号
• 作者: Said Suleiman Bakari;Said Ali Vuai;A. Tokuyama;江川 温
• 通讯作者: 江川 温