Evaluation and Prediction of the Urban Thermal Environment Considering Both Urban Blocks and Buildings

为改善城市热岛效应等热环境，实现建筑节能，开展了考虑城市区域与建筑联系的城市环境热环境研究。本报告分为以下五个小节。研究了不同城市形态和地面条件下城市上部的感热通量和潜热通量，并进行了三维CFD模拟，通过地表温度和植被蒸腾来改善热环境。街道热舒适评价基于主观陈述调查和物理热测量对街道热环境进行了调查，明确了居民定义的良好环境特征。树木蒸腾的建模基于气孔导度对树木蒸腾进行建模。对模型参数进行了辨识，提出了估算叶面积的方法。应用该模型对城市热环境进行了预测。建立了天空辐射分布模型，研究了天空辐射分布对空调负荷的影响。提出了利用空间卫星遥感数据预测室内照度的方法，并进行了实验验证。利用季节性蓄热系统缓解热岛问题研究了季节性蓄热系统的最优控制方法，并通过实际建筑验证了其运行策略的性能。论文全文33篇，口头报告论文99篇。

Urban environment research on thermal environment considering the link between urban areas and buildings was carried out in order to improve urban thermal environment such as heat island effect and attain energy conservation in buildings. The report is subdivided into five subsections as follows.1.Analysis and improvement of urban areasThe sensible and latent heat flux measured at the upper positions of urban areas with various urban configurations and ground conditions were investigated and three dimensional CFD simulation of the areas was carried out to improve the heat environment by giving surface temperatures and transpiration of vegetations.2.Evaluation of the thermal comfort on streetsThermal environment on streets was investigated based on subjective declaration investigation and physical thermal measurement and the characteristics of the environment defined by inhabitants as favorable were clarified.3.Modeling of tree transpirationTranspiration of trees was modeled based on stomata conductance. The parameters of the model were identified and the method to estimate the leaf area was developed as well. The model was applied to predict the urban thermal environment.4.Estimation of sky radiance distribution and its useSky radiance distribution was modeled and its effect on air-conditioning load was investigated. The method of predicting the illuminance of a room using the remote sensing data obtained by a space satellite was developed and validated by experiment.5.Usage of seasonal thermal storage system for heat island mitigationOptimal control method of a seasonal thermal storage system was developed and the performance of the operation strategy was verified using a real building.The results were reported as 33 full papers and 99 oral presentation papers.