Development of Hydrogen Isotope Separation Process Using Advanced Catalyst Synthesized with Nano-structure in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

水与氢分子之间的化学交换作为富集低同位素浓度氘和氚的一种方法最有前途，但水与氢双原子分子之间的氢原子交换不可缺少铂催化剂。目前可用的催化剂是由铂纳米粒子在塑料聚合物载体上制成的，这种催化剂很容易燃烧，并且与放射性氢同位素一起使用需要考虑安全问题。塑料支架有一个缺点，当它被包装在同位素交换柱中时，会造成很大的压降。为了解决这些技术问题，本研究采用了压降极小的不燃不锈钢纱网。利用硅化合物化学气相沉积在纱布表面形成的超疏水组团层，由于该超疏水层具有表面凹凸不平、粗糙的纳米结构，我们利用表面活性剂在超临界二氧化碳中形成的反胶团引入了铂前驱体的化学试剂，在微小的孔隙中表现出较大的分子扩散率。在本研究中，我们首先找到了一种市售的低成本表面活性剂，并在疏水结构中引入了铂前驱体，然后按计划对铂纳米颗粒进行了funned。此外，我们发现了在疏水表面结构的纳米孔中引入铂前驱体的另一种新方法：该方法是利用超临界二氧化碳中铂前驱体溶质的毛细凝聚作用，在超疏水层中形成直径为2 nm的铂纳米颗粒，并通过透射显微镜成像证实了这一点。针对新制备的催化剂的性能，我们进行了氘气和贫水同位素交换实验。定性数据表明，新制备的催化剂可作为填料，通过水与氢气的化学交换反应分离氢同位素。本研究取得的科技成果在学术期刊上发表了一篇论文，在国际会议论文集上发表了四篇论文。提交了一项利用超临界二氧化碳中溶质毛细管冷凝的专利申请。少

As a method of enriching low isotopic concentrations of deuterium and tritium, chemical exchange between water and hydrogen molecules is most promising, but platinum catalyst is indispensable to exchange hydrogen atoms between water and hydrogen diatomic molecules. The currently available catalyst is made of platinum nanoparticles on the plastic polymer support, which is easily burnable, and then the safety concern should be paid for using with radioactive hydrogen isotopes. The plastic support has a drawback of causing large pressure drop when it is packed in a isotope exchange column. In This study, in order to solve these technical problems, unburnable stainless steel gauze of very small pressure drop was employed. With a super hydrophobic suite layer, which was funned on the surface of the gauze by chemical vapor deposition of a silicon compound Since the superhydrophobic layer has a nano structure of uneven and rough surface, we introduced chemical reagent of platinum precursor by … More using reversed micelle formed with a surfactant in super critical carbon dioxide, which shows a large molecular diffusivity in to a tiny pores. In this study, in the first place, we found a commercially available surfactant of low cost works successfully for this purpose, and platinum precursor was introduced in the hydrophobic structure, then funned platinum nanoparticles as planned. Additionally we found an another new method of introducing platinum precursor in nanopores on the hydrophobic surface structure : the method is based on the capillary condensation of a solute, which was in this case, a platinum precursor in supercritical carbon dioxide, platinum nanoparticles of which diameter was 2 nm were formed and deposited in the superhydrophobic layer, which was confirmed by a transmittance microscope imaging Concerning with performance of the newly prowled catalyst, we performed an isotopic exchange experiment using deuterium gas and deutriated water, and then qualitative data were obtained showing the newly prepared catalyst works as a catalyst packed in a column for hydrogen isotope separation by the chemical exchange reaction between water and hydrogen gas. The scientific and technical results gained in this study were described in a paper published in an academic periodical journal and four papers in the proceedings of the international conferences. A patent application was submitted for u utilization of capillary condensation of a solute in supercritical carbon dioxide. Less