Metallomics of bio-trace elements : Copper, selenium and arsenic

金属组学是为整合生物金属相关研究领域而发展起来的一门新兴学科。金属组学应该是与基因组学和蛋白质组学共生的科学领域，因为基因和蛋白质的合成和代谢功能离不开各种金属离子和金属酶的帮助。在金属组学中，金属蛋白、金属酶和其他含金属的生物分子被定义为金属组，类似于基因组学中的基因组和蛋白质组学中的蛋白质组。由于金属组学的主要研究目标是鉴定金属组学及其在生物体系中的生物学或生理功能，因此，对具有生物活性的金属组学进行特异鉴定的化学形态分析技术是建立金属组学作为一门综合生物金属科学的重要分析技术之一。为了使金属组学的概念更加合理，介绍了金属组学在人体、人血清和海水中的分布、对生物细胞全元素分析的挑战以及其他一些研究课题，重点介绍了一些生物样品中痕量金属化学形态的最新研究进展。

Metallomics is a new scientific field in order to integrate the research fields related to biometals. Metallomics should be a scientific field in symbiosis with genomics and proteomics, because syntheses and metabolic functions of genes and proteins cannot be performed without the aid of various metal ions and metalloenzymes. In metallomics, metalloproteins, metalloenzymes and other metal- containing biomolecules are defined as metallomes, in a similar manner to genomes in genomics as well as proteomes in proteomics. Since the identification of metallomes and the elucidation of their biological or physiological functions in the biological systems is the main research target of metallomics, chemical speciation for specific identification of bioactive metallomes is one of the most important analytical technologies to establish metallomics as the integrated bio-metal science. In order to rationalize the concept of metallomics, the distributions of the elements in man, human blood serum and sea-water, a challenge to allelements analysis of one biological cell, and some other research topics are introduced with emphasis on recent development of chemical speciation of trace metals in some biological samples