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Economic Analysis of Declining Fertility

生育率下降的经济分析

基本信息

批准号：
17203020
负责人：
KITAMURA Yukinobu
金额：
$ 29.95万
依托单位：
Hitotsubashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Marriage involves economic decisions that encompass different generations. This is because such factors as cohabitation with parents, parents' incomes, and the amount of income transfer from parents considerably affect the marriage probability.2. The existence of a cohort effect in the labor market was confirmed, namely, a strong tendency for the cohort with a high unemployment rate immediately before graduation to be continuously unemployed or atypically employed in the future. In addition, it was clarified that this cohort effect was especially apparent among those who only graduated from junior high school or high school.3. Up until recently, the main factors contributing to the decrease in the birthrate of Japan were on the female side, such as less preference for a child, and higher academic qualifications and careers in the labor market. However, the labor market demand for young men is expected to increase for the coming several years as postwar baby boomers retire en masse, … More and as a result, a positive effect on the birthrate is also expected.4. The steeper a seniority wage curve is in a company, the more likely its employees retire in the first half of their 50s, and in order for the companies to effectively use aged labor, treatments based on seniority must be reviewed. Moreover, the retirement rate is low in companies that aim to evaluate the performance of the aged workers fairly and have a training system for elderly employees. Further, the retirement rate for over 55 year olds is lower in companies that have a high rate of employees with shorter working hours.5. The purpose of the long term care insurance introduced in Japan in fiscal 2000 was to correct hospitalization for nonmedical reasons, and to make medical expense efficient. Whether the purpose was actually achieved was examined using the national health insurance receipt data which found that in designated hospitals, the discharge rate of the elderly dramatically increased for a while after the introduction of the long term care insurance, but already in 2002, 2 years after the introduction, the rate went down. Thus it can be said that effects of the introduction of the long term care insurance on long-term in-patient including hospitalization for nonmedical reasons remained temporary. Less

1.婚姻涉及不同世代的经济决策。这是因为与父母同居、父母的收入、父母转移收入的多少等因素对结婚概率有很大的影响。劳动力市场中确认了“群体效应”的存在，即毕业前失业率高的群体今后很有可能继续失业或被临时雇用。此外，还澄清了这种队列效应在那些只从初中或高中毕业的人中尤其明显。直到最近，导致日本出生率下降的主要因素都在女性方面，例如不太喜欢孩子，以及劳动力市场上的高学历和职业。然而，随着战后婴儿潮一代的陆续退休，劳动力市场对年轻男性的需求预计将在未来几年增加， ...更多信息因此，预计也会对出生率产生积极影响。公司的年资工资曲线越陡峭，员工在50多岁的前半段退休的可能性就越大，为了让公司有效地使用老年劳动力，必须审查基于年资的待遇。此外，在旨在公平评估老年工人业绩并为老年雇员建立培训制度的公司，退休率较低。此外，在工作时间较短的员工比例较高的公司，55奥尔兹以上的退休率较低。日本在2000年财政年度引入长期护理保险的目的是纠正非医疗原因的住院，并使医疗费用有效。根据国民健康保险的收据数据，对是否达到了目的进行了调查，结果发现，在指定医院，老年人的出院率在实施长期护理保险后的一段时间内急剧上升，但在实施2年后的2002年，出院率已经下降。因此，可以说，对长期住院病人（包括非医疗原因住院）实行长期护理保险的影响仍然是暂时的。少

项目成果

期刊论文数量（215）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Income inequality and redistribution policies in Japan during the 1980s and 1990s,

20世纪80年代和90年代日本的收入不平等和再分配政策，

DOI：
发表时间：
期刊：
Journal of Income Distribution (forthcoming)
影响因子：
0
作者：
Oshio;T.
通讯作者：
T.

Monetary Policy with Very Low Inflation in the Pacific Rim

环太平洋地区通胀极低的货币政策

DOI：
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Ito;Takatoshi;A. Rose
通讯作者：
A. Rose

若年雇用の新たな「内部化」

青年就业新“内部化”

DOI：
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
一橋ビジネスレビュー第55巻・第3号
影响因子：
0
作者：
Yuji Genda;Ayako Kondo;Souichi Ohta;玄田有史;玄田有史;玄田有史;玄田有史;玄田有史;玄田有史;玄田有史;玄田有史
通讯作者：
玄田有史

医療保険制度の地方分権の可能性

医疗保险制度下放的可能性

DOI：
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
国民経済雑誌 195・1
影响因子：
0
作者：
Genda;Yuji;松田芳郎;恒川惠市;Satoshi Watanabe;松田芳郎;恒川惠市;北村行伸;Hisahiro Naito;Shinichi Takeuchi;勝浦正樹・永山貞則・松田芳郎;Makoto Kasuya;小塩隆士
通讯作者：
小塩隆士

Financial Implications of Social Security Reforms in Japan

日本社会保障改革的财务影响