The Development and the accomplishment of the Social Welfare Research in Postwar Japan

本研究报告由三部分组成。第一部分（第1部分）包含了主要在1945年至2000年间在日本进行的社会福利研究的可靠清单。不仅有2万余项研究被列入名单，而且每一项研究都用国家信息系统进行了复查。研究的详细情况储存在本报告所附的两个光盘内。第二部分（part II）包含约350个主要社会福利研究的摘要，这些研究是从本研究报告第一部分列出的20,000多个研究中挑选出来的。摘要根据研究领域分为八个部分。它的范围从对贫困和低收入阶层的研究到对社区发展的研究。此外，所有的摘要至少包括每项研究的目的和主要发现。因此，第二部分希望对二战后日本社会福利研究的发展进行概述。第三部分（第三部分）共收录了15篇社会福利研究论文。主要发现如下：1)至少在20世纪70年代末之前，社会福利理事会在开展社会福利研究方面发挥了重要作用。2)多年来，研究方法一直在改进，特别是在问卷的构造和抽样的设计方面。然而，从老年人和残疾人中获取答案的方法还有待改进。3)社会福利研究的时间序列分析表明，一些群体的生活条件发生了实质性的变化，而另一些群体的生活条件则没有发生实质性的变化。前者包括青少年和老年人。后者包括低收入阶层和母子家庭。

The present research report consists of three parts. The first part (Part 1) contains a reliable list of social welfare researches that had been carried out in Japan mainly between 1945 and 2000. Not only more than 20,000 researches were listed up, but also each one of them was double-checked with the usage of the NACSIS. The details of the researches are stored in two compact discs attached to the present report.The second part (Part II) contains abstracts of about 350 main social welfare researches that were selected among more than 20,000 researches listed up in Part I of the present research report. The abstracts are categorized into eight sections depending on the research area. It ranges from the research on poor and low-income class to that on the community development. Moreover, all of the abstracts at least include the purpose and the major findings of each research. Part II is, therefore, hoped to provide the overview of the post-WWII development of Japan's social welfare research.The third part (Part III) contains 15 papers on social welfare research. The major findings are as follows :1) The council of social welfare had played an important role in conducting social welfare research at least until the end of the 1970s.2) The research method has been improving over the years especially in the ways in which the questionnaires are constructed and the samplings are designed. However, the method to obtain the answers from the elderly and disabled persons remains to be improved.3) The time-series analysis of the social welfare research indicates that some groups underwent substantial changes in their living conditions, while others did not. The former include juvenile and elderly persons. The latter include people in low-income class, and mother and child families.