A Poetics of Ventriloquism: Verse, Voice, and Mediation from Walt Whitman to Kendrick Lamar

腹语诗学：从沃尔特·惠特曼到肯德里克·拉马尔的诗歌、声音和调解

• 批准号: 450708673
• 负责人: Dr. Julius Greve
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/450708673?language=en
• 关键词: Poetics; Ventriloquism; Verse; Voice; Mediation

The research project “A Poetics of Ventriloquism: Verse, Voice, and Mediation from Walt Whitman to Kendrick Lamar” sheds light on the relationship between the development of North American poetry, the media-technological change through ever new practices of communication and recording, and politically and emotionally charged forms of entertainment in popular culture, such as blackface minstrelsy, from the mid-19th century to the present day. By examining this relationship, the project aims to show to what extent the lyrical articulation of many (often canonical) poets from North America has cited media-technological and popular-cultural forms of expression since Whitman’s “Leaves of Grass.” In Whitman, for example, it it is possible to discern that his poems construct an apparently unfiltered expression of emotion via free verse; this expression, however, is equated by the poet himself with the "new medium" of photography at the time. The immediate, therefore, is entangled with mediation. The project would like to show that it is precisely by way of this entanglement that the poets in question appear as the mouthpiece of certain groups or traditions of the North American populace (marked by ethnic or milieu-specific affiliation, among other things).The project would like to describe this connection between a literary style that suggests directness and simultaneously references non-literary media in order to let the voices of others speak through itself, by introducing the concept of ‘ventriloquism as a poetic practice.’ On the basis of comparative analyses of selected poets (Whitman and Bob Dylan, Ezra Pound and Kanye West, H.D. and Patti Smith as well as M. NourbeSe Philip and Kendrick Lamar), the project seeks to develop and test the term ‘ventriloquism’ as an analytical concept. This term initially denotes a process in which a voice is separated from its (supposed) place of origin, appears elsewhere, and is thus perceived as immaterial and material at the same time. It lends itself as an analytical term, since it combines aspects of modern poetry, the construction of voice, and the abovementioned historical change in media practices, as well as it demonstrates the correlations of these aspects: Poetic ventriloquism is set to describe the central dynamics of immediacy and mediality, affect and technology, as well as the metaphorical and material-historical staging of what has been called a “writing from the gut” – relevant for both modern poetry and pop-cultural song lyrics. By refining the notion of ventriloquism based on the comparative analyses, the project not only contributes to the scholarship on the specific poets, but also enables a new perspective on the history of American literature through the synoptic view of poetics, media technology and popular culture.

研究项目“腹语的诗学：从沃尔特惠特曼到肯德里克拉马尔的诗歌，声音和调解”揭示了北美诗歌的发展之间的关系，通过通信和记录的新实践的媒体技术变革，以及流行文化中充满政治和情感的娱乐形式，如黑脸吟游诗人，从世纪中期到今天。通过研究这种关系，该项目旨在表明，自惠特曼的《草叶集》以来，北美许多（通常是典型的）诗人的抒情表达在多大程度上引用了媒体技术和流行文化的表达形式。例如，在惠特曼的作品中，我们可以看出他的诗歌通过自由诗构建了一种显然未经过滤的情感表达;然而，这种表达被诗人自己等同于当时的摄影“新媒介”。因此，直接与中介纠缠在一起。该项目希望表明，正是通过这种纠缠，诗人的问题出现作为某些群体或传统的北美民众的喉舌（以种族或特定环境为特征，除其他外）。该项目想描述这种文学风格之间的联系，建议直接和同时参考非-通过引入“腹语术作为一种诗歌实践”的概念，本文在对部分诗人（惠特曼与鲍勃·迪伦、埃兹拉·磅与坎耶·韦斯特、H. D.帕蒂·史密斯和M. NourbeSe Philip和Kendrick Lamar），该项目旨在开发和测试“腹语”一词作为一个分析概念。这个术语最初指的是一个过程，在这个过程中，一个声音从它的（假定的）起源地分离出来，出现在其他地方，因此同时被感知为非物质和物质。它适合作为一个分析术语，因为它结合了现代诗歌的各个方面，声音的构建，以及媒体实践中的上述历史变化，以及它展示了这些方面的相互关系：诗意的腹语术被设定为描述即时性和媒介性，情感和技术的中心动力，以及隐喻和物质历史分期的所谓“从肠道写作”-相关的现代诗歌和流行文化的歌词。通过比较分析，提炼出腹语的概念，不仅有助于对具体诗人的研究，而且可以从诗学、媒体技术和大众文化的角度对美国文学史进行新的审视。