National Identities and Bilateral Relations of Japan and Russia

这个研究项目的主要目的是通过从国家认同的角度审视20世纪60年代日本与苏联/俄罗斯的关系，为学术文献的主体做出贡献。在这个项目中部署的分析框架将国家认同定义为国家“自我”的社会建构，而国家“自我”是与一系列外部“他者”相对立的。该项目审查了两国以某种方式与双边关系有关的各种官方文件、文学和学术著作以及期刊和报纸上的文章。本项目运用“自我/他者”的框架，分析了日本和俄罗斯在20世纪70年代相互认同建构中的作用。就日本而言，该项目主要关注二战后的时代。它分析了苏联和俄罗斯在冷战背景下的主流观念，以及保守派和进步派之间的国内竞争。​以俄罗斯为例，这个项目关注的是俄罗斯革命刚刚结束后的几年。它考察了围绕民族、种族、阶级、资本主义和社会主义等概念演变而来的主流身份话语，并考察了俄罗斯人对日本和中国的看法与这些话语形成的关系。与其他关于皮尔尼克日本游记的研究不同，本研究将他的印象归因于皮尔尼克对俄罗斯民族认同的看法与对日本的看法的相似性，而不是两者之间的东方主义差异。此外，该项目的这一部分表明，单独来看，如果与关于远东的辩论相比，Pil'niak的任何想法都不能被认为是原创的，特别是在革命前的俄罗斯。皮尔尼克叙事的独特之处在于叙事的整体性。也就是说，它的独特之处在于它从一种分类到另一种分类的灵活性，从马克思主义的分类到种族主义的东西方二分法。少

This research project's main purpose was to contribute to the body of academic literature dealing with 20^<th> century Japan's relations with the Soviet Union/Russia by examining it from the perspective of national identity. The analytical framework deployed in this project defined national identity as a social construction of the national "self" which is defined vis-a-vis an array of external "others". This project examined a wide array of official documents, literary and academic works, as well as articles in journals and newspapers in both countries that in one way or another relate to bilateral relations. By applying the "self/other" framework this project analyzed the role of Japan and Russia in the construction of each other's identity in the 20^<th> century. In the case of Japan, this project focused mainly on the post-WWII era. It analyzed the dominant perceptions of the Soviet Union and Russia against the background of the Cold War and the domestic rivalry between the conserva … More tives and the progressives. In the context of the Northern Territories territorial dispute, this project paid special attention to the ideology of the Ainu movement, the challenge it posed to the dominant discourse on the Northern Territories and its discursive relationship with the contemporary debates on Russia in Japan. In the case of Russia, this project focused on the years in the immediate aftermath of the Russian revolution. It examined the dominant identity discourses that evolved around the notions of nation, race, class, capitalism and socialism and examined the Russian perceptions of Japan and China in relation to these discursive formations. Unlike other works on Pil'niak's travelogues from Japan, this research traces his impressions not to the Orientalistic difference between the two but to the similarity between Pil'niak vision on Russian national identity and Japan. Furthermore, this part of the project shows that, taken individually, hardly any of Pil'niak's ideas can be considered original if compared to the debates about the Far East in general and Japan in particular in pre-Revolutionary Russia. The uniqueness of Pil'niak's narrative, however, lies in the narrative taken as a whole. Namely, it is unique in its flexibility of moving from one taxonomy to another, from Marxist categories to racialist dichotomies of East and West. Less