Interplay in "Loose" System of Institutions : Case Studies of Cooperation over the Transboundary Air Pollution in Asia-Pacific

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In case of the air pollution issue in Asia-Pacific, regional cooperative frameworks constructed by the formation of loosely-connected networks have been a more dominant cooperation style than international treaty. Factors behind this are the existence of : Asian peculiarity which means various political institutions and economic strength, and their fluctuation in the past few years ; shared custom of international negotiation which intentionally prioritizes the subject of cooperation that states can cooperate. These consequently have changed negative political action by actors to positive one. The Joint Forum on the Atmospheric Environment in Asia and the Pacific serves as the forum of mutual learning of different modes of sub-regional cooperation overlapping in Asia-Pacific.