Effects of tools for playing on child social cognitive development: Behavioral observation and near-infrared spectroscopic studies

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Shared-book-reading is an exceptional opportunity for the occurrence of joint attention, but it is not clear that playing with electronic books (e-books) has same effect. Therefore, we compared frequency of joint attention and activation of prefrontal area occurred in a printed book or e-book situation in infancy. Frequency of joint attention was measured by behavioral observation and activation of prefrontal area was by NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy). As the result of behavioral observation, the frequencies of responsive joint attention which included referencing other's face and mother's looking into child face were less in e-book with narration than printed book situation. A significant positive correlation was found between them. As the result of NIRS, prefrontal activation in joint attention situation was highest in e-book with BGM of all book condition.