Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the genes controlling cellular respiration or mitochondrial function in thermogenic skunk cabbage

臭鼬甘蓝（Symplocarpus renifolius）可以保持肉穗花序温度在20摄氏度左右，即使空气温度福尔斯冰点。产热肉穗中含有大量的线粒体，参与细胞呼吸或线粒体功能的基因高表达。这些结果表明，转录调控系统可能存在激活线粒体生物合成过程中的产热阶段在臭鼬甘蓝。为了阐明转录机制，我们检测了几个基因的5'侧翼区，这些基因可能直接或间接地在花热发生中起作用，并且在产热期的花穗中高度表达。因此，我们确定了几个保守的共识序列在所有的启动子区域的基因在这里检查。这些顺式调控元件可能在调控基因的表达中发挥作用，并通过增加线粒体功能导致大量的花热发生。

Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) can keep the spadix temperature at around 20 degrees Celsius even if the air temperature falls below freezing. In the thermogenic spadix, a large amount of mitochondria was observed and the genes involved in cellular respiration or mitochondrial function were highly expressed. These results suggest that transcriptional regulation systems may exist to activate mitochondrial biogenesis during the thermogenic stage in skunk cabbage. To elucidate the transcriptional mechanisms, we examined 5' flanking regions of several genes which may play a role directly or indirectly in floral thermogenesis and was highly expressed in the thermogenic-stage spadices. As a result, we identified several consensus sequences conserved in all promoter regions in the genes examined here. These cis-regulatory elements may play a role in regulating the expression of the genes, and lead to massive floral thermogenesis through increased mitochondrial function.