Berlin on drugs. Heroin use in the „Mauerstadt“ between psychiatric reform and AIDS phobia in the 1970s and 1980s.

柏林毒品泛滥。

• 批准号: 454161033
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Beddies
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und Ethik in der Medizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/454161033?language=en
• 关键词: Berlin; drugs.; Heroin; use; Mauerstadt

AbstractAt the beginning of the 1970s, heroin became the dominant substance among banned drugs in West Germany and West Berlin. Urban drug scenes and junkies attracted public attention and revealed not only executive power and the courts to be overwhelmed, but also an overstrained psychiatry with its concepts and institutions, which was undergoing a profound reform process.The project aims to identify and analyze the phenomena that defined how society viewed the heroin problem and dealt with heroin users in the 1970s and 1980s. It takes into account that substance-related addiction should not be seen as a solely pathophysiological fact, but that there are also legal, social and medical fields of tension created and determined by definition processes and interest-based policies.The psychiatric developments as well as the overall societal developments (associated with the „Pychiatrie-Enquete“ and the emergence of HIV/AIDS) will be included as relevant influencing factors in this context, the assumption being that in the drug-context both phenomena largely contributed to „eroding the difference between crazy and normal“ as explained in the research group’s proposal. Heroin addiction was a phenomenon that not only caused individual illness and heavy mental distress. It was furthermore a societal problem that seemed to justify „extra-ordinary", sometimes questionable, measures. Reactions ranging between penalization and acceptance of heroin use led to the loss of the psychiatric monopoly when it came to the interpretation and treatment of drug addiction and to a diversification (and a new complexity) in drug policy and in dealing with consumers, a diversification that continues to have an effect to this day.

摘要 20世纪70年代初，海洛因成为西德和西柏林违禁药物中的主导物质。城市毒品现场和吸毒者引起了公众的关注，不仅揭示了行政权力和法院的不堪重负，而且还揭示了正在经历深刻改革过程的精神病学及其概念和机构的过度紧张。该项目旨在识别和分析20世纪70年代和1980年代社会如何看待海洛因问题和处理海洛因吸食者的现象。它考虑到与物质相关的成瘾不应被视为纯粹的病理生理学事实，而是还存在由定义过程和基于利益的政策所产生和确定的法律、社会和医学领域的紧张局势。在此背景下，精神病学的发展以及整体社会的发展（与“Pychiatrie-Enquete”和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的出现相关）将被列为相关影响因素，假设 正如研究小组提案中所解释的那样，在毒品背景下，这两种现象很大程度上导致了“疯狂与正常之间的差异”。海洛因成瘾现象不仅导致个人疾病和严重的精神困扰。此外，这是一个社会问题，似乎需要采取“非常规”、有时值得怀疑的措施。对海洛因使用的惩罚和接受之间的反应导致了在吸毒成瘾的解释和治疗方面精神科垄断的丧失，并导致毒品政策和与消费者打交道的多样化（和新的复杂性），这种多样化至今仍在产生影响。