“Women in de-ranged Realities” – Discourses and practices in managing “insanity” in the West German Women’s Health Movement from the 1970s to the 1990s

运用性别历史的方法，这个子项目（SP）调查了正常和疯狂的指导差异的侵蚀。它的目的一方面是分析在妇女健康运动中如何接近和处理女性的形象，另一方面是检查在20世纪90年代关心有心理危机或障碍的人的女权主义主角的专业自我理解的转变。20世纪70年代中期，在西德建立了第一批妇女保健中心和女权主义治疗中心。在这个项目中，我们将在Göttingen这个城市进行微观历史研究，因为在这个小大学中出现了大量的女权主义项目，这些项目专门针对处于心理危机中的女性，并且Göttingen的女性也在全国范围内活跃在女权主义治疗领域。妇女健康运动的主角们对社会和精神病学领域都持坚决的批评态度，将妇女的病态化和精神病学化解释为父权社会结构的一种表现。因此，我们在这个研究项目中的第一个问题是，妇女健康运动的主角们发展了什么替代“精神错乱”和治疗的概念。我们感兴趣的是探索与反精神病运动相比，妇女健康运动的讨论和实践在多大程度上创造了关于“正常”或“精神错乱”差异的不同概念。通过对个人倡议和主角的案例研究，我们将分析由于妇女的预期去病态化和同时治疗而产生的紧张局势。该项目的第二个方面是对20世纪90年代女权主义项目中充满冲突的专业化的调查，以及这些项目中主人公的自我理解，这些项目从妇女自助中心转变为雇佣训练有素的咨询师和治疗师的咨询办公室。第三，我们将问在女权主义治疗的背景下建立了什么形式的替代知识或“反知识”，性别是如何在这个相对于理性的反空间中被概念化的，以及产生了什么包容和排除。SP为FOR(1)女权主义对社会和精神病学的批判，以及(2)女权主义治疗和自助背景下的自我赋权、主体化概念增加了争论元素。

Using a gender historical approach, this subproject (SP) investigates the erosion of the guiding difference of normal and insane. Its aim is to analyse on the one hand how the figure of the in#sane was approached and handled in the Women’s Health Movement and on the other hand to examine shifts in the professional self-understanding of feminist protagonists who cared for people with psychological crises or disorders during the 1990s. In the middle of the 1970s the first health centres for women and feminist therapy centres were founded in West Germany. In this project we will conduct a micro-historic study in the city of Göttingen because in this small university a large number of feminist projects emerged, which were specifically aimed at women in psychological crises, and Göttingen’s women also became active nationwide in the field of feminist therapy. The protagonists of the Women’s Health Movement were decidedly critical of both society and the field of psychiatry, interpreting the pathologization and psychiatrization of women as an expression of patriarchal social structures. Hence, our first question in this research project is what alternative concepts to “insanity” and therapy the protagonists of the Women’s Health Movement developed. We are interested in exploring the overlaps and differences in comparison to the anti-psychiatric movement and to what extent the discussions and practices of the Women’s Health Movement created alternative concepts on the difference of “normal” or “insane”. Using case studies of individual initiatives and protagonists we will analyse the tension arising out of the intended depathologization of women and their simultaneous therapeutization. The second aspect of the project is the investigation of the conflict-ridden professionalisation of feminist projects during the 1990s and the self-understanding of the protagonists in these projects that transformed from Women’s Self-Help Centres into Consulting Offices that employed trained consultants and therapists. Thirdly, we will ask what form of alternative knowledge or “counter-knowledge” was established within the context of feminist therapy, how gender was conceptualised in this counter-space with respect to the in#sane, and what inclusions and exclusions were produced.The SP adds to argumentative elements into the FOR (1) feminist critique of society and psychiatry, and (2) concepts of self-empowerment, subjectivisation in the context of feminist therapy and self-help.