“Women in de-ranged Realities” – Discourses and practices in managing “insanity” in the West German Women’s Health Movement from the 1970s to the 1990s

“混乱现实中的女性” 20 世纪 70 年代至 90 年代西德妇女健康运动中管理“精神错乱”的话语和实践

• 批准号: 454163047
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Karen Nolte
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fakultät für Psychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/454163047?language=en
• 关键词: Women; de; ranged; Realities; Discourses

Using a gender historical approach, this subproject (SP) investigates the erosion of the guiding difference of normal and insane. Its aim is to analyse on the one hand how the figure of the in#sane was approached and handled in the Women’s Health Movement and on the other hand to examine shifts in the professional self-understanding of feminist protagonists who cared for people with psychological crises or disorders during the 1990s. In the middle of the 1970s the first health centres for women and feminist therapy centres were founded in West Germany. In this project we will conduct a micro-historic study in the city of Göttingen because in this small university a large number of feminist projects emerged, which were specifically aimed at women in psychological crises, and Göttingen’s women also became active nationwide in the field of feminist therapy. The protagonists of the Women’s Health Movement were decidedly critical of both society and the field of psychiatry, interpreting the pathologization and psychiatrization of women as an expression of patriarchal social structures. Hence, our first question in this research project is what alternative concepts to “insanity” and therapy the protagonists of the Women’s Health Movement developed. We are interested in exploring the overlaps and differences in comparison to the anti-psychiatric movement and to what extent the discussions and practices of the Women’s Health Movement created alternative concepts on the difference of “normal” or “insane”. Using case studies of individual initiatives and protagonists we will analyse the tension arising out of the intended depathologization of women and their simultaneous therapeutization. The second aspect of the project is the investigation of the conflict-ridden professionalisation of feminist projects during the 1990s and the self-understanding of the protagonists in these projects that transformed from Women’s Self-Help Centres into Consulting Offices that employed trained consultants and therapists. Thirdly, we will ask what form of alternative knowledge or “counter-knowledge” was established within the context of feminist therapy, how gender was conceptualised in this counter-space with respect to the in#sane, and what inclusions and exclusions were produced.The SP adds to argumentative elements into the FOR (1) feminist critique of society and psychiatry, and (2) concepts of self-empowerment, subjectivisation in the context of feminist therapy and self-help.

该子项目（SP）使用性别历史方法，调查正常和疯狂的指导差异的侵蚀。其目的一方面是分析女性健康运动中如何对待和处理精神错乱者的形象，另一方面考察 20 世纪 90 年代照顾心理危机或疾病患者的女权主义主角的职业自我理解的转变。 20 世纪 70 年代中期，第一家妇女健康中心和女权主义治疗中心在西德成立。在这个项目中，我们将在哥廷根市进行微观历史研究，因为在这所小型大学中涌现了大量专门针对处于心理危机中的女性的女权主义项目，而且哥廷根的女性也活跃在全国范围内的女权主义治疗领域。妇女健康运动的主角们对社会和精神病学领域都持明确的批评态度，他们将女性的病态化和精神病学解释为父权社会结构的表现。因此，我们在这个研究项目中的第一个问题是，妇女健康运动的主角开发了哪些“精神错乱”和治疗的替代概念。我们有兴趣探索与反精神病学运动相比的重叠和差异，以及妇女健康运动的讨论和实践在多大程度上创造了关于“正常”或“疯狂”差异的替代概念。通过对个人倡议和主角的案例研究，我们将分析由于对妇女的预期去病态化及其同时治疗而产生的紧张局势。该项目的第二个方面是调查 20 世纪 90 年代女权主义项目充满冲突的专业化，以及这些项目中主角的自我理解，这些项目从妇女自助中心转变为雇用经过培训的顾问和治疗师的咨询办公室。第三，我们将询问在女权主义治疗的背景下建立了何种形式的替代知识或“反知识”，在这个反空间中相对于精神错乱的性别是如何概念化的，以及产生了哪些包含和排除。SP在FOR中添加了论证元素（1）女权主义对社会和精神病学的批判，以及（2）女权主义背景下的自我赋权、主观化的概念 治疗和自助。