Effects of fungicide reduction on biodiversity in vineyards (PIWIDiv)

减少杀菌剂对葡萄园生物多样性的影响（PIWIDiv）

• 批准号: 454947134
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Martin Entling
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Umweltwissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/454947134?language=en
• 关键词: Effects; fungicide; reduction; biodiversity; vineyards

Pesticides are a main driver of global biodiversity loss. Agriculture has a special responsibility for biodiversity and vineyards are among the most intensively managed agroecosystems. Although grapevine is grown on only 1% of the agricultural area in Germany, it receives 33% of all fungicide applications. Beside pathogenic fungi against which fungicides are applied, non-target organisms such as soil fungi, springtails (Collembola) and spiders (Araneae) could be affected. These organisms represent an important fraction of the functional biodiversity in and on vineyard soils. They are involved in numerous ecosystem services like nutrient cycling (saprobic fungi, Collembola), mycorrhiza with grapevine (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF), or natural pest control (Araneae). Besides organic farming, the cultivation of fungus-resistant grape varieties (PIWI, Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten) is a promising alternative approach to the intensive use of agrochemicals with savings up to 90% of fungicides. The proposed project PIWIDiv aims to evaluate the impact of reduced pesticide spraying in PIWI varieties compared to traditional varieties in both conventional and organic viticulture on soil biodiversity. The results of PIWIDiv will reveal how fungus-resistant cultivars can contribute to sustainable agriculture.

农药是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力。农业对生物多样性负有特殊责任，葡萄园是管理最集中的农业生态系统之一。虽然葡萄藤只占德国农业面积的1%，但它却占所有杀菌剂应用的33%。除了施用杀真菌剂所针对的病原真菌外，非目标生物如土壤真菌、跳虫（弹尾目）和蜘蛛（蜘蛛目）也可能受到影响。这些生物代表了葡萄园土壤中和土壤上功能性生物多样性的重要组成部分。它们参与了许多生态系统服务，如营养循环（腐菌，弹尾目），葡萄藤的菌根（丛枝菌根真菌，AMF）或自然害虫控制（蜘蛛目）。除了有机农业，抗真菌葡萄品种（PIWI，Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten）的种植是集约使用农用化学品的一种有前途的替代方法，可节省高达90%的杀菌剂。拟议项目PIWIDiv旨在评估与传统品种相比，在传统和有机葡萄栽培中减少PIWI品种农药喷洒对土壤生物多样性的影响。PIWIDiv的结果将揭示抗真菌品种如何为可持续农业做出贡献。