Experimental Study of Interaction between Biological Materials and Solvent by Wide Range Ultrasonic Equipment

用超声吸收法研究了乙醇在水溶液和混合溶剂中的质子转移反应。同时，对丙醇和尿素的混合溶剂进行了研究，并对结果进行了比较。结果表明，甲醇破坏了水的结构，乙醇保持了水的结构，丙醇促进了水的结构。此外，还发现质子转移反应可用于监测溶液的结构性质。测量了几种核苷酸水溶液在宽频率范围内的超声吸收，并观察了糖基键周围旋转运动引起的弛豫。考察了磷酸基团对旋转运动的影响。发现大磷酸基团降低了旋转运动。为了研究同位素对质子转移反应的影响，对重水中几种胺进行了超声吸收测量。将弛豫的原因归结为氘核转移反应，并测定了弛豫速率和热力学参数。发现了明显的同位素效应。此外，在疏水基团较大的胺的浓溶液中，由于疏水相互作用，发现了结合-解离反应。在几种环胺的水溶液中观察到超声弛豫，发现其原因是质子转移反应。得到了反应速率和热力学常数。在环糊精（宿主）和非电解质（客体）的水溶液中观察到弛豫的原因归因于环糊精和非电解质之间相互作用引起的化学平衡的扰动。测定了反应参数。从这些结果可以看出，客体的疏水性对配合物的形成起着重要的作用。

Proton transfer reaction in aqueous and mixed solvents with alcohols were studied by ultrasonic absorption method. Also, the study in the mixed solvent with propanol and with urea was carried out and the results were compared one another. It was concluded that methanol breaks the water structure, ethanol keeps the structure and propanol promotes it. Furthermore, it was found that the proton transfer reaction was used to monitor the solution structural properties.The ultrasonic absorption in wide frequency range was measured in aqueous solutions of several nucleotides and the relaxation associated with the rotational motion around the glycosyl bond was observed. The effect of phosphate group on the rotational motion was investigated. The great phosphate group was found to reduce the rotational motion.In order to study of isotope effect on proton transfer reaction, ultrasonic absorption measurements were performed for several amines in heavy water. The cause of the relaxation was attributed to the deuteron transfer reaction and the rate and thermodynamic parameters were determined. The clear isotope effect was found. Further, in the concentrated solution of amines with greater hydrophobic groups, association-dissociation reaction due to the hydrophobic interaction was found.Ultrasonic relaxation was observed in aqueous solution of several cyclic amines and the cause of it was found to be due to the proton transfer reaction. The rate and thermodynamic constants were obtained.The cause of the relaxation observed in aqueous solutions of cyclodextrin (host) and nonelectrolytes (guest) was attributed to a perturbation of the chemical equilibrium associated with the interaction between cyclodextrin and the nonelectrolytes. The reaction parameters were determined. From these results, the hydrophobicity of the guests was found to play an important role for the formation of the complexes.