Mutualism between Macaranga plants ＆ ants in Southeast Asia

东南亚马卡兰加植物和蚂蚁之间的互利共生

• 批准号: 10041163
• 负责人: ITIOKA Takao
• 金额: $ 6.59万
• 依托单位: NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10041163/
• 关键词: Macaranga; Crematogaster; anti-herbivore defenses; ant defense; mutualism; Southeast Asian tropics; myrmecophyte; オオバキ; オオバギ属; シリアゲアリ属; オオバキ属; 食植性昆虫; 昆虫・植物相互作用

In the plant genus, Macaranga, which has the distribution center with diversified species in Southeast Asian tropics, many myrmecophytic species are known. They have symbiosis with their respectively specific ant-plant species and depend on them for anti-herbivore defense. Macaranga myrmecophytes provide their symbiont plant-ants with food, in turn, the ants protect the plants from herbivores and competitor plants.In this study, first, we determined the interspecific variation in intensity of ant defenses among Macaranga myrmecophyte species by ant-exclusion experiments and measurements of ant aggressiveness. Second, we determined the interspecific variation in intensity of non-ant, i.e. physical and chemical, defenses by bioassays using polyphagous lepidopterans. Comparing intensities of ant and non-ant defenses among Macaranga species, it was shown that the intensities inversely correlated, and that the balance between ant and non-ant defenses differ among Macaranga species. The meas … More urement of food body production and chemical analysis revealed that interspecific variation in ant defense intensity are affected by the production and nitrogen contents of food bodies. The balance between ant and non-ant defenses change along with aging. The bioassay using polyphagous lepidopteran suggested that the balance is biased for non-ant defenses before ant colonization but biased for ant defenses after ant colonize the plant.Partnership between Macaranga myrmecophytes and Crematogaster plant-ants are highly species-specific. Field survey and manipulative experiments showed that nest-plant selection by dispersing foundress queens of plant-ant and matching between demand and supply for resource at both sides of plant and ant take important roles in generating and maintaining the high species-specificity in the partnership. Our chemical analysis and bioassays with extract of plant surface revealed that non-volatile carbon-hydrates are used by foundress ant queens for recognition of Macaranga plant species. Experimental exchange of plant-ant species showed that 'unmatched' species combination cause either inhibition of ant colony growth due to deficiency of food or relatively weak ant aggressiveness, both of which result in corruption of mutualistic relations.Relatively long-term demographic study on Macaranga myrmecophytes have shown that interspecific variation in anti-herbivore defenses, which are reflected in the variation in the balance between ant and non-ant defenses, affect the diversity in the herbivore community on or around Macaranga myrmecophytism. Less

在种类丰富的东南亚热带地区分布中心的植物属Macaranga中，已知许多玫生植物。它们与各自特有的抗植物物种共生，并依靠它们进行抗食草动物的防御。猕猴桃为它们的共生植物提供食物，反过来，蚂蚁保护植物免受食草动物和竞争植物的侵害。在本研究中，我们首先通过抗排斥实验和蚂蚁攻击测量，确定了蚁防御强度在猕猴桃种间的变化。其次，我们利用多食鳞翅目动物进行生物测定，确定了非蚂蚁（即物理和化学）防御强度的种间变化。比较蚁群防御和非蚁群防御的强度，发现蚁群防御和非蚁群防御的强度呈负相关，且蚁群防御和非蚁群防御之间的平衡存在差异。结果表明，蚁群防御强度的种间变异受蚁群食物体产量和含氮量的影响。蚂蚁和非蚂蚁防御系统之间的平衡随着年龄的增长而改变。利用多食性鳞翅目进行的生物测定表明，在蚂蚁定居之前，这种平衡偏向于非蚂蚁防御，而在蚂蚁定居之后，这种平衡偏向于蚂蚁防御。Macaranga myrmecophytes和Crematogaster植物之间的伙伴关系具有高度的物种特异性。实地调查和操作实验表明，植物-蚂蚁的巢-植物选择和植物-蚂蚁双方对资源的需求和供给匹配在产生和维持高物种特异性的伙伴关系中起着重要作用。我们对植物表面提取物的化学分析和生物测定表明，非挥发性碳水合物被奠基人蚁后用来识别Macaranga植物物种。植物-蚂蚁物种交换实验表明，“不匹配”的物种组合可能会导致蚁群生长因食物不足而受到抑制，也可能导致蚂蚁的攻击性相对较弱，从而导致互惠关系的破坏。相对长期的人口统计学研究表明，抗草食防御机制的种间变异（表现为蚂蚁防御与非蚂蚁防御平衡的变异）影响着麦金沙上及其周围草食群落的多样性。少

项目成果

Nomura,M.,Itioka,T.and Itino,T.: "Difference in intensity of chemical defense within mymecophytic and non-myrmecophytic sympatric species of Macaranga in a South East Asian dipterocarp forest."Ecological Research. 15. 印刷中 (2000)

Nomura, M.、Itioka, T. 和 Itino, T.：“东南亚龙脑香科植物森林中的 Macaranga 的密生植物和非密生植物同域物种的化学防御强度差异。”生态研究 15。出版中（2000 年）。 ）

Itioka, T., Nomura, M., Inui, Y., Itino, T.and Inoue, T.: "Difference in intensity of ant defense among three species of Macaranga myrmecophyte in a Southeast Asian dipterocarp forest"Biotropica. 36-2. 318-326 (2000)

Itioka, T.、Nomura, M.、Inui, Y.、Itino, T. 和 Inoue, T.：“东南亚龙脑香科植物森林中三种 Macaranga myrmecophyte 的蚂蚁防御强度差异”Biotropica。

Itioka, T.and Itino, T.: "Ants and myrmecophytes in tropical rain forests-Mutualism and coevolution 2. Cost-and-benefit of anti-herbivore defense for Macaranga and their plantants"Insectarium. 36-7. 188-194 (1999)

Itioka, T. 和 Itino, T.：“热带雨林中的蚂蚁和密生植物 - 互利共生和共同进化 2。Macaranga 及其植物的反草食动物防御的成本和效益”昆虫馆。

市岡孝朗,市野隆雄: "オオバギの対植食者防衛戦略 アリ防衛と化学防衛の組合せ"昆虫と自然. 34・12. 15-18 (1999)

Takaaki Ichioka，Takao Ichino：“Macaranga tanarius 的反草食动物防御策略：蚂蚁防御和化学防御的结合”昆虫与自然 34・12（1999）。

市野隆雄,市岡孝朗: "オオバギの植食者防衛戦略・アリ防衛と化学防衛の組合せ"昆虫と自然. 34・12. 15-18 (1999)

Takao Ichino，Takaaki Ichioka：“Macaranga tanarius 的草食动物防御策略，蚂蚁防御和化学防御的结合”昆虫与自然 34, 12. 15-18 (1999)。