Mutualism between Macaranga plants ＆ ants in Southeast Asia

东南亚马卡兰加植物和蚂蚁之间的互利共生

基本信息

批准号：
10041163
负责人：
ITIOKA Takao
金额：
$ 6.59万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the plant genus, Macaranga, which has the distribution center with diversified species in Southeast Asian tropics, many myrmecophytic species are known. They have symbiosis with their respectively specific ant-plant species and depend on them for anti-herbivore defense. Macaranga myrmecophytes provide their symbiont plant-ants with food, in turn, the ants protect the plants from herbivores and competitor plants.In this study, first, we determined the interspecific variation in intensity of ant defenses among Macaranga myrmecophyte species by ant-exclusion experiments and measurements of ant aggressiveness. Second, we determined the interspecific variation in intensity of non-ant, i.e. physical and chemical, defenses by bioassays using polyphagous lepidopterans. Comparing intensities of ant and non-ant defenses among Macaranga species, it was shown that the intensities inversely correlated, and that the balance between ant and non-ant defenses differ among Macaranga species. The meas … More urement of food body production and chemical analysis revealed that interspecific variation in ant defense intensity are affected by the production and nitrogen contents of food bodies. The balance between ant and non-ant defenses change along with aging. The bioassay using polyphagous lepidopteran suggested that the balance is biased for non-ant defenses before ant colonization but biased for ant defenses after ant colonize the plant.Partnership between Macaranga myrmecophytes and Crematogaster plant-ants are highly species-specific. Field survey and manipulative experiments showed that nest-plant selection by dispersing foundress queens of plant-ant and matching between demand and supply for resource at both sides of plant and ant take important roles in generating and maintaining the high species-specificity in the partnership. Our chemical analysis and bioassays with extract of plant surface revealed that non-volatile carbon-hydrates are used by foundress ant queens for recognition of Macaranga plant species. Experimental exchange of plant-ant species showed that 'unmatched' species combination cause either inhibition of ant colony growth due to deficiency of food or relatively weak ant aggressiveness, both of which result in corruption of mutualistic relations.Relatively long-term demographic study on Macaranga myrmecophytes have shown that interspecific variation in anti-herbivore defenses, which are reflected in the variation in the balance between ant and non-ant defenses, affect the diversity in the herbivore community on or around Macaranga myrmecophytism. Less

在植物属中，在东南亚热带地区拥有分配中心的麦卡兰加（Macaranga），许多肉芽菌属植物物种是众所周知的。它们与各自的特定蚂蚁植物物种有共生，并依靠它们进行抗动物防御。澳洲杏仁糖菌为食物提供了共生植物的植物，然后蚂蚁保护植物免受草食动物和竞争者的植物的侵害。在这项研究中，首先，我们通过蚂蚁分割实验和测量蚂蚁侵袭性的玛甘甘甘甘邦肉豆蔻物种之间的蚂蚁防御强度变化。其次，我们确定了使用多形鳞翅目的生物测定的非剂量强度的种间强度，即物理和化学的强度变化。比较了澳门物种中蚂蚁和非抗防御的强度，这表明强度成反比，并且澳门与澳门的防御能力之间的平衡不同。量度…更多的食物体生产和化学分析的尿液表明，蚂蚁防御强度的种间变化受食物体的生产和氮含量的影响。随着衰老的衰老，蚂蚁和非抗防御能力之间的平衡发生了变化。使用多形鳞翅目的生物测定法表明，在蚂蚁定居之前，对非抗防御的平衡是偏见的，但在蚂蚁定居后，蚂蚁防御却偏向于蚂蚁防御。麦卡兰加菌Myrmecophytes和crematogastogaster植物植物之间的党派具有很高的特殊性。现场调查和操纵实验表明，通过分散植物植物王后的固定植物选择，以及植物两侧的资源和供应之间的匹配和蚂蚁的供应之间的匹配，在产生和维持合作伙伴关系的高规格特异性方面发挥了重要作用。我们的化学分析和植物表面提取物的生物测定结果表明，fintres ant Queens使用了非挥发性碳综合储水，以识别Macaranga植物物种。植物 - 植物物种的实验交换表明，“无与伦比的”物种组合会导致抑制食物不足或相对较弱的蚂蚁侵略性抑制蚂蚁菌落生长，这两者都会导致相互关系的腐败。对大球玛甘兰加人的长期人口统计学研究。在麦卡兰加杀虫剂上或周围的草食动物社区中的多样性。较少的