Invited mobilization? Interest organizations, experts, and lawmaking in the German parliament

该项目将研究利益集团通过在德国联邦议院委员会听证会上的游说对法律的影响。它试图回答哪些利益集团在议会中有代表，哪些利益集团在德国联邦立法中得到什么。本项目的基本假设是：利益组织和专家在议会委员会听证会上提供的信息会对政府法案的内容产生影响。为了解决与本研究课题相关的研究空白、争议和模糊性，本项目将对2019/20年度提交的50项政府法案的立法游说进行研究。将利益集团视为理性的行动者，并研究他们在议会竞技场与政策制定者的资源交换，这是建立在研究单元的三个理论基石之上的。它将它们与对议会委员会的研究中得出的见解联系起来，这些研究发展了委员会工作的三个主要视角：信息视角、分配视角和党派视角。该项目将从三个方面研究利益集团对联邦法律的影响：（1）确定利益集团在获得优惠方面的成功。(2)它将通过DocuToads（文件转置或添加，删除，替换）算法来衡量议会中的法案更改量。(3)它将分析利益集团的动员和立场与法案的遵守成本之间的关系。为了深入了解听证会、利益集团、专家、议会政党政策发言人及其领导人对通过法案的相关性，该项目将对德国联邦议院信息系统DIP（议会信息系统）及其委员会网站上公开的信息进行编码。它还将依赖于对负责处理50项法案的议会政党发言人的半标准化采访。总之，该项目将提高我们对议会立法游说的认识，将利益集团研究与其他政治学领域更紧密地联系起来，并有助于建立德国立法游说的数据基础设施。

The project shall study the impact of interest groups on laws through their lobbying in committee hearings of the German Bundestag. It seeks to answer the questions which interest groups are represented in parliament and which interest groups get what in German federal legislation. The basic conjecture of this project is: The information provided by interest organizations and experts in parliamentary committee hearings has an impact on the content of government bills.To address the research gaps, controversies, and ambiguities associated with this research subject, the project will study legislative lobbying on 50 goverment bills submitted in 2019/20. Conceiving of interest groups as rational actors and studying their resource exchanges with policy-makers in the parliamentary arena, it builds on the three theoretical building blocks of the research unit. It connects them to insights derived in the study of parliamentary committees that has developed three major perspectives on committee work: the informational, the distributive, and the partisan perspective. The project will study the impact of interest groups on federal laws in three ways: (1) It will establish the success of interest groups in terms of their attainment of preferences. (2) It will measure the amount of bill changes in parliament through the DocuToads (Document Transpose Or ADD, Delete, Substitute) algorithm. (3) It will analyse the association of interest group mobilization and positions with the compliance costs of bills. To obtain insights into the relevance of hearings, interest groups, experts, the parliamentary parties' policy spokespersons and their leaders for the passage of a bill, the project will code information that is publicly available in the German Bundestag's information system DIP (Dokumentations- und Informationssystem für Parlamentarische Vorgänge) and on its committees' websites. It will also rely on semi-standardised interviews with the parliamentary parties' spokespersons who were put in charge of handling the fifty bills. In sum, the project shall enhance our knowledge about legislative lobbying in parliament, link interest group studies closer to other political science areas, and contribute to building a data infrastructure on legislative lobbying in Germany.