Legal Institution of Multimedia

我们研究的目的是在技术创新和使用中，特别是数字化和互联网的惊人发展和传播中，针对电信、广播和信息三个领域制定理想的政策和法律制度。首先，对于“电信和广播的融合”，电信和广播应该这样分开，因为对于典型的电信，由于其蕴含着个人通信的事实，电信的机密性在现行宪法下得到了保障，而基本广播则相反地被认为实现了“表达自由”的概念，至于非典型的电讯，例如透过互联网进行的“广播”和非基本的广播(例如收费电视)，基本上应强调言论自由，并应尽量减少新的规管。但是，对违反公共政策或道德规范的内容提供者应该有一些规定。第二，将现行基本广播法律制度所采用的“节目许可证和传输许可证相统一”的原则改为“节目许可证和传输许可证分开”，进而实现对媒体所有权规定的大幅修改。第三，应基本维持现行关于公共广播(NHK)收费制度和业务领域的法律制度，但应允许NHK在使其管理更加透明和高效的条件下进行卫星广播和使用互联网。同时，它将努力通过将现行的收费制度改为付费电视制度来维护公平竞争秩序。

The purpose of our research is to formulate a desirable policy and a legal institution concerning three fields i.e. telecommunication, broadcasting, and information, in the midst of technical innovation and its use, particularly amazing development and spread of digitalization and the internet.Firstly, as to "the convergence between telecommunication and broadcasting, " telecommunication and broadcasting should be separated as such, for, regarding the typical telecommunication, the confidentiality of telecommunication is guaranteed under the current constitution due to the fact that it implies personal communication and elemental broadcasting is on the contrary considered to realize the concept, "freedom of expression"On the other hand, as for the untypical telecommunication such as 'broadcasting' through the Internet and non-elemental broadcasting(for example, pay TV), freedom of expression should be basically emphasized and new regulation should be minimized. However, there should be some regulation on contents providers who violates public policy or good morals.Secondly, the principle of "the unity of the program license and the transmitting license, " employed by the current legal system concerning elementary broadcasting, should be altered to "the division of the program license and the transmitting license" and then, drastic revision of the regulation on media ownership should be realized.Thirdly, the present legal institution concerning the fee system and the business field of public broadcasting (NHK) should be basically maintained, but satellite broadcasting and the use of the internet by NHK should be allowed on the conditions that NHK will make its management more transparent and efficient, and at the same time it will try to maintain fair competition order through e.g. changing the current fee system to pay TV system.