Legal Institution of Multimedia

本研究的目的是在技术革新和应用，特别是数字化和互联网的迅猛发展和普及的今天，制定一个关于电信、广播和信息三个领域的理想政策和法律的制度。首先，关于“电信和广播的融合“，电信和广播应该分开，因为，关于典型的电信，电信的保密性在现行宪法下得到保障，因为它意味着个人通信，而基本广播相反被认为是实现“表达自由”的概念。另一方面，对于非典型的电信，例如通过互联网和非基本广播进行的“广播”，（例如收费电视），基本上应强调表达自由，尽量减少新的规管。其次，将现行基础广播法律的制度中的“节目许可证与传播许可证相统一“的原则改为“节目许可证与传播许可证相分离”的原则，实现媒体所有权规制的大幅修改;第三，基本维持日本广播协会（NHK）收费制度和经营领域的现行法律的制度，但允许NHK使用卫星广播和互联网的条件是NHK将使其管理更加透明和有效，同时通过例如将现行收费制改为付费电视制来努力维护公平竞争秩序。

The purpose of our research is to formulate a desirable policy and a legal institution concerning three fields i.e. telecommunication, broadcasting, and information, in the midst of technical innovation and its use, particularly amazing development and spread of digitalization and the internet.Firstly, as to "the convergence between telecommunication and broadcasting, " telecommunication and broadcasting should be separated as such, for, regarding the typical telecommunication, the confidentiality of telecommunication is guaranteed under the current constitution due to the fact that it implies personal communication and elemental broadcasting is on the contrary considered to realize the concept, "freedom of expression"On the other hand, as for the untypical telecommunication such as 'broadcasting' through the Internet and non-elemental broadcasting(for example, pay TV), freedom of expression should be basically emphasized and new regulation should be minimized. However, there should be some regulation on contents providers who violates public policy or good morals.Secondly, the principle of "the unity of the program license and the transmitting license, " employed by the current legal system concerning elementary broadcasting, should be altered to "the division of the program license and the transmitting license" and then, drastic revision of the regulation on media ownership should be realized.Thirdly, the present legal institution concerning the fee system and the business field of public broadcasting (NHK) should be basically maintained, but satellite broadcasting and the use of the internet by NHK should be allowed on the conditions that NHK will make its management more transparent and efficient, and at the same time it will try to maintain fair competition order through e.g. changing the current fee system to pay TV system.