Estimations of climate and precipitation changes from subsurface environment data

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Borehole temperatures were measured in Osaka, Nara, Noubi, Ishikari and Nagaoka, Japan, and the analyses have been done to make conclusions of this study. The effects of surface warming due to global warming and urbanization were found in many boreholes. The effects of surface warming reach deeper in the groundwater recharge area and remain in shallow in the groundwater discharge area. Measurements of borehole temperature were repeated in order to obtain the accurate estimations of surface warming. The results were presented in a special session of International Association of Hydraulics, which was held in May, 2000, and Western Pacific Geophysical Meeting organized by American Geophysical Union in June, 2000.