Study on Dynamic Behavior and Contamination Reduction of Antimony Being around a Smelter

本研究的目的是通过实地调查，确定目前某冶炼厂周围环境的锑污染水平，探讨锑在水-空气-土壤-植物系统中的动态行为，评价冶炼厂附近居民的潜在健康风险，寻找降低其风险的方法。本研究得到的结果可以总结如下：(1)锑冶炼厂周边农田土壤中锑的浓度仍明显高于自然丰度。(2)农产品中锑含量远低于农田土壤中锑含量。锑沉降可能是叶片中观察到的高浓度的原因。(3)除儿童外，冶炼厂周边居民尿液中锑浓度均高于参考资料。(4)居民体内的锑浓度估计比参考日本人高2至10倍。(5)确定了冶炼厂周边居民锑暴露的关键途径为蔬菜摄入和吸入。对于儿童，意外的土壤摄入必须作为一个潜在的高暴露途径加以考虑。(6)居民肺中锑的浓度可能超过人患肺癌的浓度。(7)溶液中几乎所有的锑都以锑(V)的形式稳定存在，并且锑在酸性土壤溶液中也有溶解，这与以往的报道不同。(8)锑在土壤中的迁移与氧化态无关，其物理化学形态主要取决于溶液中共存的离子。

The objectives of this study is to determine the level of environmental contamination by antimony around a smelter at the present time through a field survey, to discuss about dynamic behaviors of antimony in water-air-soil-plant system, to evaluate the potential health risks of residents near the smelter and to find ways to reduce its risk. The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows ; (1) Antimony concentrations in farm soils around an antimony smelter were still considerably higher than the natural abundance. (2) Antimony concentrations in farm products were much lower than that in farm soils. Antimony fallout may contribute the high concentration observed in leaf. (3) Except for children, antimony concentrations in urine of residents around the smelter are larger than the references. (4) Antimony concentrations in a human body of the resident were estimated two to ten times larger than the reference Japanese. (5) The critical pathways of antimony exposure to residents around the smelter were identified to be a vegetable intake and inhalation. For the children, accidental soil ingestion must be taken into an account as a potentially high exposure pathway. (6) Antimony concentrations in lung of residents might excess the concentration in which man will onset a lung cancer. (7) The almost all antimony in solution was stable in antimony (V) form, and that the antimony was dissolved also in acidic soil solution different from the previous reports. (8) The migration of antimony in soils is independent on its oxidation state, and that its physicochemical form depend largely on the coexisting ions in solution..