Comparative Study on Cultivation and Socialization of Elite Middle Schools in Mass Education Era

本次联合研究项目的目的是分析英、法、德、美、日“精英中学”的历史变迁和现状，特别关注其出身背景、学校生活（正式课程和日常活动）、毕业后的课程。在国外（英国的Public School，法国的Preparatory Classes to Grands Ecoles，德国的Gymnasium，美国的Prep Schools），我们尝试实地调查，了解各个社会结构和教育体系中精英中学的整体情况，并分析教育实践和选拔过程的实际情况。关于日本的精英中学，我们尝试了战前旧式中学和战后新式高中的三种方式。(1)运用学籍、成绩单、校刊等资料，分析明治后期神户中学的入学、退学情况及课程分化因素。(2)通过调查战前第一高中和战后东京大学的录取情况，明确地方公立“传统学校”（一种威望范式）的创建过程。(3)通过对京都大学一年级学生的问卷调查，分析了精英中学的文化类型，提出了一个分析20世纪60年代后期日本文化变迁的框架。

The purpose of this joint research project is to analyze historical changes and present conditions of "Elite Middle Schools" in Britain, France, Germany, America and Japan, particularly paying attention to descent background, school life (formal curriculum and daily activities), and course after graduation.1. On foreign countries (Public School in Britain, Preparatory Classes to Grands Ecoles in France, Gymnasium in Germany, Prep Schools in America), we tried field surveys to make clear the whole situation of the elite middle schools in each social structure and education system, and to analyze the actual circumstances of educational practice and selection process.2. On Elite Middle Schools in Japan, we tried three approaches to prewar old-style middle schools and postwar new-style high schools.(1) Analyzing the circumstances of entrance and dropout, and the factors of course differentiation Kobe secondary school in Meiji later period, by using school register, report card and school magazine.(2) Making clear the creation process of local-public "Tradition Schools" (a prestige paradigm), by surveying admission to prewar First High School and postwar Tokyo University ("Ichi-ko, To-dai").(3) Giving a questionnaire to Kyoto University first year students, analyzing the cultural types of elite middle school, presenting a frame for analyzing cultural change after latter 1960s in Japan.