Study of the Separation between Church and State in England and America Leading to American Revolution

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This research has covered the wide range of development of the idea and practice of the separation between church and state from 17th century England, in particular, during the Puritan Revolution through the ratification of Federal constitution of the United States. Prof. Iwai has made a thorough research on the religious movement of Levellers during the Revolution. John Cotton's idea of theocracy during the colonial period of New England has been investigated by Prof. Ogura, who published her article entitled, "Wheelright and Cotton. " The theoretical background of the separation between church and state has been researched by Yamaoka, who has clarified John Locke's idea of religious freedom. Prof. Morimoto put focused upon Roger Williams, whose idea of religious freedom had drawn keen attention in recent early American religion scholarship. The relation between the Great Awakening and the American Revolution of Independence has been investigated by Profs Onishi, Kohiyama, and Prof. Saito. Related to this research, Onishi published, "American Community-Origin and Myth-Making. John Winthrop's City Upon a Hill Reconsidered. " And, the religious situation after and during the Republican period of America observed by Alexis de Tocqueville was made clear by Prof. Hara. This group took the initiative to organize a seminar at Ritsumeikan Kyoto Summer Seminar for American Studies in 2001, to which Prof. David Hall of Harvard Divinity School was invited and gave a series of lectures on the topic related to this research. Each member of this group was stimulated and exchanged various ideas concerning the topic of this research throughout the seminar, which will be compiled in the from of the report.