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Revaluation of the high yielding rice variety from the nitrogen and water use efficiency

从氮肥和水分利用效率评价高产水稻品种

基本信息

批准号：
11460008
负责人：
AMANO Takahisa
金额：
$ 8.38万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460008/
关键词：
Spikelet number Paddy rice Nitrogen uptake Soil N mineralization Hybrid rice Water use efficiency Dry matter production Stomata ハイブリット品種密植深植中国多収

项目摘要

(1) In 3 experimental sites (Sichuan Province China, Kyoto and Nara) of which the mineralization soil nitrogen level differed, the effect of the soil nitrogen fertility on the spikelet productivity was investigated. Mineralized soil nitrogen level in China was higher than Kyoto and Nara. The nitrogen uptake from soil and its' effect on the spikelet productivity was high in China than Kyoto and Nara.(2)The growth characteristics of paddy rice were evaluated in rotational paddy field (RPF) and continuous paddy field (CPF) at Sakurai, Nara, in 1998-2000. Without N fertilizer application, biomass production, yield and N uptake of rice were generally higher in RPF than in CPF. It seemed that greater nitrogen release from soil in RPF caused this increase. However, soil drying effect for N mineralization, often expected in RPF, was not observed in this study, and the total amount of mineralized N from soil (SMN) was greater in CPF. We concluded that higher N uptake observed in RPF could be explained by 1) greater N contribution from subsoil, 2) higher recovery rate of N, compared with CPF.(3)The varietal differences in the response to atmospheric humidity were examined using japonica and indica variety. Under low humidity, as compared to the indica varieties, the japonica varieties had a higher stomatal density, longer stomatal and longer stomatal aperture, resulting in a lower water potential in leaf blades and lower water-use efficiency. Under high humidity, the japonica and indica varieties showed a similar transpiration rate, stomatal aperture and water-use efficiency. These differences between the japonica and indica varieties in morphophysiological characters under low humidity might cause the varietal differences in the plant growth and dry matter production in rice.

(1)在矿化土壤氮水平不同的3个试验点(四川省、京都市、奈良市),考察了土壤氮素肥力对小穗生产力的影响。中国土壤矿化氮水平高于京都和奈良。我国土壤氮素吸收量及其对小穗生产力的影响高于京都和奈良。(2)1998-2000年在奈良县樱井市的轮作稻田(RPF)和连作稻田(CPF)中对水稻的生长特性进行了评价。不施氮肥时，RPF下水稻的生物量、产量和氮素吸收量普遍高于CPF下。看来 RPF 中土壤释放更多的氮导致了这种增加。然而，在 RPF 中经常预期的土壤干燥对氮矿化的影响在本研究中并未观察到，并且 CPF 中来自土壤的矿化氮总量 (SMN) 更大。我们得出的结论是，与 CPF 相比，RPF 中观察到的较高氮吸收量可以解释为：1）来自底土的氮贡献更大，2）氮回收率更高。（3）使用粳稻和籼稻品种检查了对大气湿度响应的品种差异。低湿度条件下，粳稻品种气孔密度高于籼稻品种，气孔较长，气孔孔径较长，导致叶片水势较低，水分利用效率较低。高湿度下，粳稻和籼稻品种的蒸腾速率、气孔孔径和水分利用效率相似。低湿条件下粳稻和籼稻品种形态生理特征的差异可能导致水稻植株生长和干物质生产的品种差异。