Eco-climatic Change over the African Rainforest Area Using GIS and Satellite Data

在这项工作中，我们已经表明，遥感数据的GIS分析（大地卫星、诺阿/高级甚高分辨率辐射计、合成孔径雷达等），并结合来自硬拷贝地图或台站观测记录或统计的其他数字化数据（气候或普查数据），为环境资源的可持续管理提供强有力的分析工具和适当的决策支持系统（土地覆盖/使用等）或对生态气候系统的变化进行合理评估。我们的主要贡献可以概括如下：通过这些数据的组合，我们建立了一个独特的和多样化的非洲数据库，在此基础上，使用5年平均月NDVI和热带数据的第一个PCA分量计算了一个新的非洲数字植被模型（DVM）。一些重要的土地覆被变化率被检测到，特别是在撒哈拉以南的干旱土地。根据刚果人口普查数据绘制的人口分布图显示，在东西410° S波段内，城市化和人口集中的趋势日益严重， 关于我们 d沿着基伍高地的东部边界。这些地区也是森林大量减少的地区，这与过度发展的城市化以及轮垦、薪材收集和每年大规模的丛林火灾等非正规土地使用做法有关。根据Koeppen的方法，利用我们非洲的DVM和观测站的温度和降雨量数据，更新了仅根据观测数据绘制的旧纸质地图，获得了整个非洲大陆以及肯尼亚和刚果的光栅气候地图。在非洲，特别是克鲁格国家公园的野生动物栖息地适宜性建模，为这个保护良好的野生动物保护区产生了栖息地适宜性Mar，南部和东部低地的适宜性较高，而北方和西部高地的适宜性较低。从我们新的世界数字植被模型（DVM）中，我们发现仅3个国家（巴西、印度尼西亚和刚果）拥有世界上51%以上的万年青热带雨林。而且，按照目前的消耗速度，到本世纪末，刚果可能仍然是热带雨林的唯一监护人。少

In this work, we have shown that GIS analyses of remote-sensing data (LANDSAT, NOAA/AVHRR.SAR, etc), combined with other digitized data from hardcopy maps or station observational records or statistics (climatic or census data), provide a strong analytical tool and a suitable decision support system for sustainable management of environmental resources (land cover/use, etc) or for sound assessment of changes in the eco-climatic system. Our main contribution can be summarized as follows.From the combination of these data, we built a unique and diversified African Database, from which a new Digital Vegetation Model (DVM) of Africa was calculated using the first PCA component of the 5-year mean monthly NDVI and Thermal Bands data. Some important land-cover change ratterns were detected, especially over the arid lands South of Sahara. Population distribution map from Congolese census data show a tendency of overgrowing urbanization and population concentration within the E-W 410° S band an … More d along the eastern border in the Kivu highlands. These are also areas where tremendous forests decrease is shown to happen, in relation with this overgrowing urbanization and such informal landuse practices as shifting cultivation, fuel wood collection and large-scaleannual bush fires. Raster African Climatic Maps were obtained for all the continent, as well as for Kenya and Congo in particular, using from our African DVM and observational station data for temperature and rainfall, after Koeppen's method, updating old paper maps built from observational data alone. Wildlife Habitat Suitability modeling over Africa, and the Kruger National Park in particular, yields a Habitat Suitability Mar for this well-conserved wildlife sanctuary, with higher suitability in the southern and eastern lowlands, versus lower values over the northern and western highlands.From our new Digital Vegetation Model (DVM) of the World we reveal that 3 countries alone (Brazil, Indonesia and Congo) encompass for themselves more than 51% of the world evergreen trotical rainforests. And that, at the present depletion rates, Congo would probably remain the lone custodian of tropical rainforests by the end of this century. Less