Single-Microparticle Based Analyses under Solution Flow Conditions

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Microspectroscopy and microelectrochemical systems combined with a fluid manifold were developed to manipulate : and analyze single microparticles such as polymer beads, oil droplets, living cells, and so forth. By using a flow cell set on a microscope stage, an aqueous solution containing microparticles is introduced to the cell. With a single particle being fixed by laser-trapping for polymer beads, on the top end of a microcapillary for oil-droplets, or on the wall by adhesion for living-cells, other non-fixed particles are pumped out completely by flow of sufficient amount of water to the cell. These procedures can hold exclusively the single particle in the cell. By using an appropriate fluid manifold, furthermore, an arbitrary reagent can be introduced to the cell, so that a temporal profile of chemical/physical responses of the particle would be monitored by microspectroscopic and/or microelectrochemical method(s) without interference by other particles. Three different chemical/biochemical processes were studied under solution-flow conditions :1) Ion-exchange dynamics of a single ion-exchange-resin bead by laser trapping-absorption microspectroscopy.2) Liquid/liquid extraction dynamics of a single oil-droplet by microinjection - microspectroscopy.3) Dye-staining dynamics of a single living-cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)The ion-exchange, the extraction, or the staining rate and efficiency were discussed in terms of the solution flow rate and the particle diameter.