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The Hierarchy and the Multi and Super-ethnic Regional Formation concerning African Traditional Kingdoms

非洲传统王国的等级制度和多民族、超民族的区域形态

基本信息

批准号：
14310146
负责人：
SHIMADA Yoshihito
金额：
$ 7.3万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

First we have demonstrated that although the image of Ethnic Africa is still dominant about the traditional Africa, this latter has known rich histories of State formation and many traditional kingdoms or chiefdoms have survived till now and played important roles for the development of the welfare of the peoples' life under the system of the independent modem nation state,Secondly we have studied the state formation especially from the point of view of regional formation or integration of multi-ethnic groups into a wider local society. Thus we have analyzed the reason by which the image of traditional Africa is 'ethnic' or tribal one and the particular logic of African State formation. Africa is a continent with the biggest forest in the world at its center and drier savanna and desert in its prophetical zones. We consider that the State formation as regional formation was easily realized in the dry zones. Its reasons are 1) existence of domestic animals used as means of transport, mo … More vement, communication and even military activities 2) absence of material obstacles for communications and movement such as deep forests, rivers and swamp. In the forest regions the state formation was very difficult especially because of the absence of domestic animals and the existence of ecological obstacles for the movement and the transport. This is why the African State formation has been mainly realized in the prophetical zones like Sahel Region. It was as if Africa has not known her own state formation. We can generally confirm the lack of internal communication in Africa.However Africa was not the continent of mosaic of ethnic atoms. Ethnic groups have existed in inter actionable relationship with each others; they formed wider regional societies. It was therefore continual from the ethnic world to the state society which has more institutionally integrated multi-ethnic relationships in wider regional societies. Or this kind of Rethinking Ethnic Africa was a guide line for Japanese ethnologists' works which started from 1960. Mainly editing the papers written in French or English by Japanese ethnologists we have published 5 volumes of African Kingdoms Collection.We have also developed international cooperation with foreign scholars, especially African ones. Less

首先我们论证了传统非洲虽然仍以非洲族形象为主，但传统非洲有着丰富的国家形成历史，许多传统的王国或酋长国至今幸存下来，并在独立的现代民族国家体系下为人民生活的福利发展发挥了重要作用。其次，我们特别从区域形成或多民族融入更广泛的地方社会的角度研究了国家的形成。这样我们就分析了传统非洲形象是“民族”或部落形象的原因以及非洲国家形成的特殊逻辑。非洲是一个大陆，其中心拥有世界上最大的森林，而其预言区则拥有干燥的稀树草原和沙漠。我们认为，国家的形成作为区域的形成在干旱地区很容易实现。其原因是：1）存在用作运输、运动、通讯甚至军事活动的家畜；2）没有深林、河流、沼泽等通讯和移动的物质障碍。在森林地区，国家的形成非常困难，特别是因为没有家畜以及存在移动和运输的生态障碍。这就是为什么非洲国家的形成主要是在萨赫勒地区这样的预言区实现的。非洲似乎不知道自己的国家组成。我们可以大体上确认非洲缺乏内部交流。然而，非洲并不是一个种族原子镶嵌的大陆。各民族之间一直存在互动关系；他们组成了更广泛的区域社会。因此，从民族世界到国家社会，这种关系是连续的，国家社会在更广泛的区域社会中在制度上更加整合了多民族关系。或者说这种《反思非洲民族》是日本民族学家从1960年开始的著作的指导方针。我们主要编辑日本民族学家用法文或英文写的论文，出版了5卷《非洲王国集》。我们还与外国学者，特别是非洲学者开展国际合作。较少的