Comparative analysis of structural and organizational changes in agricultural research and technology diffusion system in the developed countries

发达国家农业研究与技术传播体系结构与组织变迁比较分析

基本信息

批准号：
14360125
负责人：
TAKUMI Kondo
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to analyze the agricultural research system and technology diffusion among the developed countries. First, this paper focuses on the changes in agricultural research expenditures in several developed countries. There was a decrease in agriculture production in comparison with other sectors and the tight financial conditions that leads to the research fund shortage. But on the other hand, private fund has increased dramatically. However, the fund for prefecture and government sectors accounted for a relatively large share compared to the private sectors in Japan. The research fund granted to national institutions increased until the late 1970s. After that, it stagnated but increased after the 1990s due to the increase in agricultural R&D investments in biotechnology, environmental quality, and food safety. The need for basic and pioneering research also makes the research expenditures in national institutions increase. The allocation mechanism of research … More fund is gradually changing. The government allocated the fund to the project competitively rather than a formula basis. Second, prefectural agricultural R&D fund has decreased compared to that of national government after 1965. The amount of funds granted to local agricultural R&D institutes has remained at the same level, and its share in the total funds is decreasing. In 2000, public funds constituted only 30% of the total money used for agricultural R&D in Japan. Because it is potentially important to consider spillover effects when we re-design an agricultural research system, we analyzed spillover effects. One was spillovers related to rice and wheat crop breeding. The other one was spatial and geographical spillover in the Tohoku area. There exists great spillover effects in the case of the diffusion of rice varieties which were developed at prefectural agricultural experiment station such as "Akita komachi". This variety has been spread across several prefectures, showing great spillover effects. We also constructed an agricultural technology knowledge index (ATI) and a total factor productivity index (TFP) in each prefecture in Tohoku district and analyzed the statistical significance between ATI and TFP. As a result we could confirm the existence of spatial and geographical spillover effects. Less

这项研究的目的是分析发达国家的农业研究系统和技术扩散。首先，本文着重于几个发达国家的农业研究支出的变化。与其他部门相比，宜人的生产有所下降，以及导致研究基金短缺的严重财务状况。但另一方面，私人基金急剧增加。但是，与日本的私营部门相比，预防和政府部门的份额相对较大。授予国家机构的研究基金会增加到1970年代后期。此后，由于生物技术，环境质量和食品安全的农业研发投资增加，1990年代之后停滞但增加了。对基础和开拓性研究的需求也使国家机构的研究支出增加了。研究的分配机制……更多的资金正在逐渐变化。政府将基金分配给了该项目，而不是公式基础。其次，与1965年后的国民政府相比，相当农业研发基金的减少。授予当地农业研发机构的资金数量一直保持在同一水平，并且其在总资金中的份额正在下降。 2000年，公共资金仅占日本农业研发总资金的30％。因为当我们重新设计农业研究系统时，考虑一下Spilover效应非常重要，因此我们分析了Spilover的效果。其中一种是与大米和小麦繁殖有关的杂草。另一个是Tohoku地区的空间和地理上的Spilover。在公平农业实验站（例如“ Akita kolachi”）中开发的水稻变化的情况下，存在很大的Spilover效应。该品种已分布在几个县，显示出极大的副作用。我们还构建了Toohoku地区每个首选的农业技术知识指数（ATI）和一个全因素生产率指数（TFP），并分析了ATI和TFP之间的统计学意义。结果，我们可以确认存在空间和地理间谍作用的存在。较少的