Comparative analysis of structural and organizational changes in agricultural research and technology diffusion system in the developed countries
发达国家农业研究与技术传播体系结构与组织变迁比较分析
基本信息
- 批准号:14360125
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 7.74万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:日本
- 项目类别:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
- 财政年份:2002
- 资助国家:日本
- 起止时间:2002 至 2004
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The purpose of this research is to analyze the agricultural research system and technology diffusion among the developed countries. First, this paper focuses on the changes in agricultural research expenditures in several developed countries. There was a decrease in agriculture production in comparison with other sectors and the tight financial conditions that leads to the research fund shortage. But on the other hand, private fund has increased dramatically. However, the fund for prefecture and government sectors accounted for a relatively large share compared to the private sectors in Japan. The research fund granted to national institutions increased until the late 1970s. After that, it stagnated but increased after the 1990s due to the increase in agricultural R&D investments in biotechnology, environmental quality, and food safety. The need for basic and pioneering research also makes the research expenditures in national institutions increase. The allocation mechanism of research … More fund is gradually changing. The government allocated the fund to the project competitively rather than a formula basis. Second, prefectural agricultural R&D fund has decreased compared to that of national government after 1965. The amount of funds granted to local agricultural R&D institutes has remained at the same level, and its share in the total funds is decreasing. In 2000, public funds constituted only 30% of the total money used for agricultural R&D in Japan. Because it is potentially important to consider spillover effects when we re-design an agricultural research system, we analyzed spillover effects. One was spillovers related to rice and wheat crop breeding. The other one was spatial and geographical spillover in the Tohoku area. There exists great spillover effects in the case of the diffusion of rice varieties which were developed at prefectural agricultural experiment station such as "Akita komachi". This variety has been spread across several prefectures, showing great spillover effects. We also constructed an agricultural technology knowledge index (ATI) and a total factor productivity index (TFP) in each prefecture in Tohoku district and analyzed the statistical significance between ATI and TFP. As a result we could confirm the existence of spatial and geographical spillover effects. Less
本研究的目的是分析发达国家间的农业研究体系和技术扩散。首先,本文重点分析了几个发达国家农业科研支出的变化。与其他部门相比,农业生产有所减少,财政状况紧张导致研究基金短缺。但另一方面,私募基金却急剧增加。但是,与民间部门相比,地方和政府部门的基金所占的比重相对较大。直到20世纪70年代末,拨给国家机构的研究基金才有所增加。此后,由于农业在生物技术、环境质量和食品安全方面的研发投资增加,这一比例停滞不前,但在20世纪90年代后有所增加。基础研究和开拓性研究的需要也使国家机构的研究支出增加。研究经费的分配机制正在逐步改变。政府对该项目的拨款是竞争性的,而不是按公式分配的。其次,1965年以后,地级农业R&D经费与中央政府相比有所下降。地方农业科研经费投入基本保持不变,占全国科研经费的比重呈下降趋势。2000年,公共资金仅占日本农业研发总资金的30%。由于在重新设计农业研究体系时考虑溢出效应具有潜在的重要性,我们对溢出效应进行了分析。一个是与水稻和小麦作物育种有关的溢出效应。二是东北地区的空间和地理溢出效应。以“秋田小町”为代表的县域农业试验站培育的水稻品种在扩散过程中存在较大的外溢效应。这一品种已经蔓延到几个县,显示出很大的溢出效应。构建了东北各县的农业技术知识指数(ATI)和全要素生产率指数(TFP),并分析了ATI和TFP之间的统计学意义。研究结果证实了空间溢出效应和地理溢出效应的存在。少
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Wheat Breeding Research and its Spillover Effect among Research Institutes in Japan : The parentage coefficient approach
日本研究机构间的小麦育种研究及其溢出效应:亲缘系数法
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2005
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Yoko Fujii;Fumio Osanami;Takumi Kondo
- 通讯作者:Takumi Kondo
A Study on Diffusion Process of New Strawberry Cultiver "Tochiotome", -Roles of Farmers' Organization in Extension of Innovation-
草莓新品种“栃乙女”扩散过程研究,-农民组织在创新推广中的作用-
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2004
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Jun Harada
- 通讯作者:Jun Harada
イチゴ新品種「とちおとめ」の普及における部会組織内の情報流
关于草莓新品种“栃乙女”推广的小组委员会组织内的信息流动
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2004
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:YOSHINAKA;Satoshi;S.Satoh et al.;Lim Po Teen;H.Matsubara et al.;伊藤 房雄;原田淳
- 通讯作者:原田淳
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