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Monitoring of supra glacial lakes and risk assessment of their outburst in the Greet Himalayas.

喜马拉雅山冰上湖泊监测及其溃决风险评估。

基本信息

批准号：
14380198
负责人：
YAMADA Tomomi
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14380198/
关键词：
satellite imagery Great Himalayas supra-covered glacier moraine glacier lake outburst flood debris-covered glacier temporal variation of a glacier lake moraine-dammed glacier lake モレーン堰き止め氷河湖 Landsat Aster 氷河湖の変動氷河湖の分布氷河湖台帳ヒ

项目摘要

The inventory of present moraine dammed glacier lakes with the area more than 0.01km^2 in the northern and southern slopes of the Great Himalayas in the longitude between 85°15′ and 91°00′E, i.e., eastern Nepal, Sikkim, India, Bhutan and Tibet, China was made by using the latest Landsat ETM imageries taken in 2000, 2001 and 2002. Totally 539 lakes with the whole ares of 122.46km^2 are compiled in this area. The lakes were also compiled using Landast MSS imageries taken in 1976 and compared with the lakes found in the 2000-2002 imageries to clarify their temporal variations during 24-26 years. The results indicate that all lakes in 1976 expanded and many lakes are newly formed in the period. As a result of examining the causes of the development of the lakes in terms of the inclination of topography, where glaciers are situated, it is found that the gentler an inclination of topography is, the more the glacial lakes develop.The risk of a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) should he evaluated by lake size, the possibility of sudden huge mass input into the lake from the lake surroundings and the extent of a moraine-dam deterioration due to cored ice melting or piping. The measures of the risk assessment were studied by means of topographic interpretation such as mass movement landform and slope failure around the lake, using optical data of ASTER and Landsat and DEM stereoscopy constructed by SAR data pair. But the relationship between these information obtained by the analysis of satellite data sod the actual risk of GLOF should be continuously studied in future, because further collection of grand truth data is still necessary to GLOF risk assessment.

本文对大喜马拉雅山北方和南坡东经85°15′ ~ 91°00′范围内面积大于0.01 km^2的现代冰碛冰坝冰川湖进行了清查，尼泊尔东部、锡金、印度、不丹和中国西藏的ETM图像是利用2000年、2001年和2002年最新的Landsat ETM图像制作的。全区共编制湖泊539个，总战神122.46km^2。这些湖泊还使用1976年拍摄的Landast MSS图像进行了汇编，并与2000-2002年图像中发现的湖泊进行了比较，以澄清其在24-26年间的时间变化。结果表明，1976年湖泊均发生了扩张，并有许多新的湖泊形成。从冰川所在地的地形倾斜角度探讨了冰川湖泊发育的原因，发现地形倾斜越平缓，冰川湖泊发育越多，冰川湖泊溃决的危险性应以湖泊大小来评价。从湖泊周围突然大量输入到湖泊中的可能性，以及由于芯冰融化或管道化而导致的冰碛坝恶化的程度。利用ASTER和Landsat的光学数据和SAR数据对构建的DEM立体图，通过对环湖地区的块体运动地貌和斜坡破坏等地形解译，研究了环湖地区的风险评估措施。但这些卫星数据分析得到的信息与实际的GLOF风险之间的关系还有待于进一步的研究，因为GLOF风险评估还需要进一步收集大量的真实数据。