From 'popular‘ to ‚populär‘ and back - the European folk revival from the 1950s to the 1970s from a transnational and transregional perspective

该项目旨在分析20世纪50年代中期至70年代末西欧民间音乐运动中文化转移和纠缠的过程。它将侧重于美国民间复兴所刺激的发展，以及欧洲间的交流和挪用进程，特别是在区域一级。在对美国模式进行了一段时间的模仿之后，民间音乐在国家和地区层面上的发展过程与其他流行音乐类型不同。这是由于欧洲国家和地区对自己的流行音乐文化采取了非常不同的方法，也是由于社会、文化和媒体历史的差异。研究音乐实践、医学方面、人际关系、空间定位、经济重要性，其中也包括对消费的批判态度所产生的替代经济结构，可以在全球历史进程的挪用史上以及在地区不同方式下欧洲文化合作和融合的方式上提供见解。就像过去所有民间音乐传统的复兴一样，50年代、60年代和70年代的民间复兴与社会和政治运动有关：从最初的民权运动和反战运动到70年代的地方主义和生态运动。这不仅意味着这些政治野心是如何反映在民间复兴的音乐和社会实践中的问题，而且还导致了“民间场景”中的许多分化，这往往是关于“正确方式”的辩论的结果，以及关于民间音乐在主流流行音乐发展中的定位。

The project aims to analyze the processes of cultural transfers and entanglements in the Western European folk music movement between the mid 1950s and the late 1970s. It will focus on the developments stimulated by the US-folkrevival as well as on the inter-european processes of exchange and appropriation, especially on the regional level.More than in other genres of popular music these processes differ in the case of folk music on national and regional level after a period of imitation of the American model. That is the result of a very different approach in the European countries and regions to their own popular musical culture but also of the differences in the social, cultural and media history.Researching the musical practice, the medial aspects, the interpersonal relationships, the spatial localizations, the economic importance, which include also structures of alternative economies resulting from the critical attitude towards consumption, can give insights in the history of the appropriation of a global historical process and in ways of European cultural cooperations and convergences in regional different manners.Like all revivals of folk music traditions in the past the folk revival of the 50s, 60s and 70s was related to social and political movements: from the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement in the beginning to the regionalist and ecological movements of the 70s. That implies not only the question how these political ambitions are reflected in the musical and social practice of the folk revival but leads also to a lot of differentiation in the „folk scene“ which often was the consequence of debates about the „right way“ and about positioning folk music in the development of mainstream pop.